What is cat fur made of? - briefly
Cat fur is primarily composed of keratin, the same protein found in human hair and nails, which forms the structure of each strand. It consists of two main layers: the outer guard hairs and the softer undercoat.
What is cat fur made of? - in detail
Cat fur is primarily composed of keratin, a fibrous structural protein that also forms the basis of hair, nails, and the outer layer of skin in mammals. Keratin is a durable and insoluble protein, providing strength and resilience to the fur. Each strand of cat fur originates from a hair follicle embedded in the dermis, the deeper layer of the skin. The follicle cycles through phases of growth (anagen), rest (telogen), and shedding (exogen), ensuring the fur remains healthy and functional. The structure of a single hair strand includes three layers: the cuticle, cortex, and medulla. The cuticle is the outermost layer, consisting of overlapping scales that protect the inner layers and give the fur its smooth texture. The cortex, the middle layer, contains pigment granules that determine the color of the fur and provides flexibility and strength. The medulla, the innermost layer, is a loosely packed core that may be absent in finer hairs and contributes to insulation. Cat fur also contains sebaceous glands that secrete oils, keeping the fur soft, waterproof, and shiny. The density, length, and texture of cat fur vary widely depending on the breed, genetics, and environmental factors. For example, some cats have a double coat consisting of a dense undercoat for insulation and a longer topcoat for protection, while others have a single coat. The fur serves multiple functions, including thermoregulation, protection from UV radiation, and sensory perception through specialized tactile hairs like whiskers. Its composition and structure are finely adapted to the cat’s lifestyle and habitat, making it an essential feature of feline biology.