What is a parvovirus infection in cats? - briefly
A parvovirus infection in cats, also known as feline panleukopenia, is a highly contagious viral disease that affects the gastrointestinal tract, immune system, and bone marrow, often leading to severe illness or death.
What is a parvovirus infection in cats? - in detail
A parvovirus infection in cats, commonly referred to as feline panleukopenia or feline distemper, is a highly contagious and often life-threatening viral disease. This infection is caused by the feline parvovirus, a member of the Parvoviridae family, which is closely related to the canine parvovirus. The virus primarily targets rapidly dividing cells, such as those in the bone marrow, intestinal lining, and developing fetuses, leading to severe consequences. Transmission occurs through direct contact with infected cats, their bodily fluids, or contaminated environments, as the virus is exceptionally resilient and can persist in the environment for months or even years. Symptoms of the infection include fever, lethargy, vomiting, diarrhea (often bloody), dehydration, and a marked decrease in white blood cells, which compromises the immune system. In pregnant cats, the virus can cause fetal resorption, stillbirth, or congenital abnormalities in kittens. Diagnosis is typically based on clinical signs, history of exposure, and laboratory tests, such as PCR or antigen detection. Treatment is primarily supportive, focusing on fluid therapy to combat dehydration, anti-nausea medications, antibiotics to prevent secondary bacterial infections, and nutritional support. Vaccination is the most effective preventive measure, with core vaccines providing robust immunity. Early vaccination of kittens and regular booster shots for adult cats are critical to controlling the spread of this disease. Due to its high mortality rate, especially in unvaccinated or immunocompromised cats, prompt veterinary intervention is essential for improving outcomes. Strict hygiene and isolation of infected cats are also necessary to prevent outbreaks in multi-cat environments.