What is a leukogram in a cat? - briefly
A leukogram in a cat is a complete blood count (CBC) test that measures the number and type of white blood cells (leukocytes) present in the animal's blood. This test helps veterinarians assess the cat's immune system response, detect infections, and monitor overall health.
What is a leukogram in a cat? - in detail
A leukogram in cats, also known as a white blood cell count (WBC), provides valuable information about the immune system's response to various stimuli and the overall health status of the feline. This diagnostic tool is crucial for veterinarians to assess and monitor inflammation, infection, stress, and other conditions that may affect the cat's well-being.
The leukogram includes a detailed analysis of the five types of white blood cells (WBCs) found in cats: neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, and basophils. Each type plays a specific role in the immune system and their proportions within the total WBC count can indicate different underlying conditions.
Neutrophils are the most abundant type of WBC in cats and are the first responders to infection or inflammation. An increase in neutrophil count, known as neutrophilia, typically indicates an acute inflammatory response, such as bacterial infection. Conversely, a decrease in neutrophils, called neutropenia, may suggest severe illness, bone marrow dysfunction, or certain viral infections like feline leukemia virus (FeLV).
Lymphocytes are another critical component of the immune system, responsible for cell-mediated immunity and antibody production. An elevation in lymphocyte count, known as lymphocytosis, can be seen in various conditions including viral infections (e.g., feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV)), certain bacterial infections, or even stress responses. A decrease in lymphocytes, called lymphopenia, may indicate severe illness or immunosuppression.
Monocytes are involved in the phagocytosis of pathogens and play a role in initiating inflammatory responses. Monocytosis can be observed in chronic inflammation, certain infections, or neoplasia. Monocytopenia is less common but can occur in severe illness or bone marrow dysfunction.
Eosinophils are primarily associated with allergic reactions and parasitic infections. Eosinophilia may indicate conditions such as flea allergy dermatitis, heartworm disease, or gastrointestinal parasites. Basophils are the least common type of WBC and their role is not fully understood, but they are associated with allergic reactions and certain inflammatory processes.
Interpreting a leukogram requires considering not only the absolute counts of each cell type but also their proportions relative to one another. Veterinarians use these data in conjunction with clinical signs, other laboratory results, and physical examination findings to formulate a comprehensive diagnosis and treatment plan for the cat. Regular monitoring of the leukogram can be essential for tracking the progression of diseases and the effectiveness of therapies, ensuring the best possible care for feline patients.