What infections can a cat scratch cause? - briefly
A cat scratch can potentially transmit Bartonella henselae, the bacterium responsible for Cat Scratch Disease (CSD), which can cause fever, swollen lymph nodes, and fatigue in humans. Additionally, a cat scratch may lead to Pasteurella multocida infection, manifesting as painful skin lesions or abscesses.
What infections can a cat scratch cause? - in detail
Cat scratches, while often minor and superficial, can occasionally lead to serious infections due to the bacteria and other microorganisms that may be present on a cat's claws or in its saliva. The most common infection associated with cat scratches is caused by Bartonella henselae, the bacterium responsible for Cat-Scratch Disease (CSD).
Bartonella henselae is found in the mouth and claws of cats, particularly kittens and strays. When a cat scratches or bites, it can transfer this bacterium to humans. The infection typically manifests as a red, swollen, tender bump at the site of the scratch within three to 14 days. In some cases, lymph nodes near the affected area may become swollen and painful. This condition is usually self-limiting and resolves on its own over several weeks or months without specific treatment. However, in immunocompromised individuals or young children, CSD can lead to more severe complications such as encephalitis, osteomyelitis, and endocarditis.
In addition to Bartonella henselae, other potential pathogens can be transmitted through cat scratches. Pasteurella multocida is a common bacterium found in the mouths of cats that can cause skin infections characterized by redness, swelling, and tenderness at the site of the scratch. This infection usually responds well to antibiotics.
Another concern is the potential transmission of zoonotic diseases such as tetanus or rabies, although these are rare. Tetanus can be caused by Clostridium tetani, a bacterium present in soil and dust that can enter the body through a wound. Rabies is a viral infection typically transmitted through bites but can also be contracted if an infected cat's saliva enters a break in the skin. Both of these diseases are serious and require immediate medical attention.
To minimize the risk of infection from a cat scratch, it is essential to maintain good hygiene practices. Washing the affected area thoroughly with soap and water can help remove any bacteria or debris. Seeking prompt medical attention if symptoms persist or worsen is also crucial. Additionally, keeping cats' nails trimmed and avoiding rough play that may result in scratches can further reduce the risk of infection.