What does feline plague look like? - briefly
Feline plague, also known as cat-scratch disease, is typically characterized by swollen lymph nodes near the site of the initial infection, often accompanied by fever and fatigue. In some cases, it may also present with headache, poor appetite, and nausea.
What does feline plague look like? - in detail
Feline plague, also known as cat scratch disease (CSD), is a bacterial infection caused by Bartonella henselae. This zoonotic disease can be transmitted from cats to humans through scratches, bites, or contact with infected flea feces. The symptoms of feline plague in humans typically appear within 3-14 days after exposure and can vary significantly among individuals.
In its early stages, the infection may present as a mild illness with non-specific symptoms such as fever, headache, and fatigue. However, as the disease progresses, more distinctive signs become apparent. The most characteristic feature of feline plague is the development of a papule (a small, raised bump) at the site of inoculation, which usually occurs 3-5 days after exposure. This papule may evolve into a pustule or ulcer and can be accompanied by swollen lymph nodes, particularly in the area draining the infected site.
In some cases, the infection can spread systemically, leading to more severe symptoms. These may include enlarged lymph nodes throughout the body, persistent fever, and a general feeling of malaise. Additionally, patients might experience joint pain or swelling, particularly in the knees or ankles. In rare instances, serious complications such as endocarditis (inflammation of the heart's inner lining) or neuroretinitis (inflammation of the retina and optic nerve) can occur, although these are more common in immunocompromised individuals.
Diagnosing feline plague often relies on a combination of clinical presentation, history of cat exposure, and laboratory tests. Serological tests can detect antibodies against Bartonella henselae, while polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays may identify the bacterial DNA in tissue samples or blood.
Treatment for feline plague typically involves a course of antibiotics, with azithromycin and doxycycline being among the most commonly prescribed options. In severe cases or those involving complications, intravenous antibiotics may be necessary. It's important to note that the infection can resolve spontaneously in some individuals, especially children, but medical intervention is generally recommended to prevent potential complications and reduce the duration of symptoms.
Overall, recognizing the signs of feline plague is crucial for prompt diagnosis and treatment, helping to mitigate the risk of serious health consequences.