What does a blood biochemistry test show in cats? - briefly
A blood biochemistry test in cats provides valuable insights into their overall health by measuring various parameters such as liver and kidney function, electrolyte balance, and glucose levels. This test helps veterinarians diagnose diseases like diabetes, kidney failure, and liver disorders, enabling timely intervention and treatment.
What does a blood biochemistry test show in cats? - in detail
A blood biochemistry test in cats is a comprehensive evaluation of various metabolic processes and organ functions through the analysis of specific substances in the blood. This diagnostic tool provides valuable insights into the cat's health status, helping veterinarians to identify, diagnose, and monitor a wide range of conditions.
The primary components assessed in a feline blood biochemistry test include:
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Liver Enzymes: Elevated levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) may indicate liver disease or damage. These enzymes are typically found in higher concentrations within hepatic cells, and their release into the bloodstream signifies cellular leakage due to injury or inflammation.
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Bilirubin: Bilirubin is a byproduct of red blood cell breakdown and is processed by the liver. Elevated bilirubin levels can suggest liver dysfunction, hemolytic anemia (where red blood cells are prematurely destroyed), or bile duct obstruction.
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Electrolytes: Sodium, potassium, and chloride are essential for maintaining proper fluid balance and nerve function in cats. Abnormal electrolyte levels can indicate various conditions such as kidney disease, dehydration, or metabolic acidosis/alkalosis.
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Kidney Function: Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine are markers of renal function. Increased BUN and creatinine levels often signal kidney dysfunction or failure, which is common in older cats.
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Glucose: Glucose measurement helps identify diabetes mellitus or hypoglycemia. Elevated glucose levels along with clinical signs like increased thirst and urination can confirm a diagnosis of feline diabetes.
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Proteins: Total protein, albumin, and globulin levels provide information about the cat's overall health status. Low albumin may indicate liver disease or malnutrition, while elevated globulin can suggest inflammation or infection.
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Cholesterol and Triglycerides: These lipid profiles are essential for assessing metabolic disorders such as hyperlipidemia, which can lead to pancreatitis in cats.
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Calcium and Phosphorus: Abnormal calcium levels may indicate conditions like hyperparathyroidism or kidney disease, while elevated phosphorus can be associated with kidney failure.
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Amylase: Although primarily a marker for pancreatic function in humans, amylase can also indicate pancreatitis in cats.
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Thyroxine (T4): In some cases, thyroid hormone levels are included to screen for hyperthyroidism, a common endocrine disorder in older cats characterized by elevated T4 levels.
By interpreting these biochemical parameters together with other diagnostic tools such as urinalysis and physical examinations, veterinarians can accurately diagnose and manage various health issues in cats, ensuring timely intervention and optimal outcomes.