What diseases in humans are caused by cats? - briefly
Cats can transmit diseases to humans, including toxoplasmosis, cat scratch disease, and ringworm, through direct contact, scratches, or contaminated environments.
What diseases in humans are caused by cats? - in detail
Cats can transmit several diseases to humans, known as zoonotic diseases, through direct contact, scratches, bites, or exposure to their feces. One of the most well-known diseases is cat scratch disease (CSD), caused by the bacterium Bartonella henselae. This infection typically occurs when a cat licks an open wound or scratches or bites a person, allowing the bacteria to enter the bloodstream. Symptoms include fever, fatigue, and swollen lymph nodes, though severe cases can lead to complications such as encephalopathy or endocarditis. Toxoplasmosis, caused by the parasite Toxoplasma gondii, is another significant zoonotic disease associated with cats. Humans can become infected by accidentally ingesting the parasite, often through contact with cat feces or contaminated soil. While many healthy individuals experience mild or no symptoms, toxoplasmosis poses serious risks to pregnant women and immunocompromised individuals, potentially leading to birth defects or severe neurological issues. Ringworm, a fungal infection caused by Microsporum canis, can also be transmitted from cats to humans through direct contact with an infected animal. This condition results in circular, itchy rashes on the skin and requires antifungal treatment. Additionally, cats can carry Campylobacter and Salmonella, bacteria that cause gastrointestinal infections in humans. These infections are typically contracted through contact with contaminated feces or surfaces. Rabies, a viral disease transmitted through the saliva of infected animals, is another rare but fatal risk associated with cats. While vaccination has significantly reduced rabies cases in domestic cats, unvaccinated or feral cats can still pose a threat. Preventive measures, such as regular veterinary care, proper hygiene, and avoiding contact with stray or unknown cats, are essential to minimize the risk of zoonotic diseases. Understanding these potential health risks allows individuals to take appropriate precautions while maintaining a safe and healthy relationship with their feline companions.