What diseases are transmitted by cats? - briefly
Cats can transmit several diseases to humans, including toxoplasmosis and cat-scratch disease. Toxoplasmosis is particularly concerning for pregnant women as it can cause birth defects.
What diseases are transmitted by cats? - in detail
Cats, as much-loved companions, can sometimes transmit diseases to humans through direct contact, scratches, bites, or exposure to their feces. The most common zoonotic diseases associated with cats include:
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Toxoplasmosis: This is caused by the parasite Toxoplasma gondii, which can be found in cat feces and soil contaminated by cat feces. Humans can contract toxoplasmosis through ingesting contaminated food or water, handling infected cat litter, or gardening in contaminated soil. Pregnant women and individuals with compromised immune systems are particularly at risk, as the infection can lead to serious health complications for the fetus and severe illness in immunocompromised adults.
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Cat-Scratch Disease (CSD): Caused by the bacterium Bartonella henselae, this disease is transmitted through cat scratches or bites. Symptoms include swollen lymph nodes, fever, and fatigue. Children and immunocompromised individuals are more susceptible to severe infections.
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Ringworm: A fungal infection that can affect the skin, hair, and nails of both cats and humans. It is highly contagious and can be spread through direct contact with an infected cat or by touching surfaces contaminated with the fungus. Symptoms include a circular rash on the skin, itching, and hair loss in the affected area.
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Salmonellosis: Cats can carry Salmonella bacteria in their feces without showing any symptoms themselves. Humans can contract salmonellosis through contact with infected cat feces or by handling contaminated objects. Symptoms include diarrhea, abdominal cramps, and fever.
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Pasteurellosis: This is an infection caused by the bacterium Pasteurella multocida, which can be transmitted through cat bites or scratches. Symptoms include pain, swelling, redness, and in some cases, a more severe infection requiring medical attention.
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Plague: Although rare, cats can carry the bacterium Yersinia pestis, which causes plague. Humans can contract the disease through contact with infected fleas that have bitten the cat or by handling an infected animal. Symptoms include fever, swollen lymph nodes, and in severe cases, pneumonia or septicemia.
Preventive measures such as regular veterinary care, proper hygiene practices, and prompt treatment of any wounds from cat scratches or bites can help minimize the risk of contracting these diseases.