What causes pyelonephritis in cats? - briefly
Pyelonephritis in cats is primarily caused by bacterial infections that ascend from the lower urinary tract, often due to underlying conditions like urinary tract obstructions or compromised immune systems.
What causes pyelonephritis in cats? - in detail
Pyelonephritis in cats is primarily caused by bacterial infections that ascend from the lower urinary tract to the kidneys, leading to inflammation and potential damage to renal tissues. The most common bacterial pathogens involved are Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus, and Proteus species, which often originate from the gastrointestinal tract or external environment. Cats with underlying conditions such as urinary tract obstructions, bladder stones, or congenital abnormalities are at higher risk, as these conditions can disrupt normal urine flow and create an environment conducive to bacterial growth. Weakened immune systems, whether due to chronic illnesses, stress, or medications like corticosteroids, also increase susceptibility to infections. Additionally, improper hygiene, especially in multi-cat households or catteries, can facilitate the spread of bacteria. Female cats are more prone to pyelonephritis due to their shorter urethra, which allows bacteria to migrate more easily to the bladder and kidneys. Diagnostic imaging and urinalysis often reveal the presence of bacteria, white blood cells, and sometimes blood in the urine, confirming the infection. Prompt veterinary intervention is crucial to prevent complications such as Kidney Disease" rel="bookmark">chronic kidney disease or sepsis, emphasizing the importance of early detection and treatment.