What causes a heart attack in a cat? - briefly
Heart attacks in cats are typically caused by hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), a genetic condition that results in thickening of the heart muscle. This can lead to blood clots and subsequent blockages, causing the heart attack.
What causes a heart attack in a cat? - in detail
Heart attacks in cats, also known as feline cardiomyopathy or hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, are typically caused by an underlying condition rather than a sudden blockage of coronary arteries, which is more common in humans. The most prevalent causes of heart attacks in cats include:
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Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (HCM): This is the most common form of heart disease in cats and often leads to heart failure or blood clots that can cause a heart attack. HCM causes the heart muscle to thicken, leading to reduced blood flow and potential blockages. It's often idiopathic, meaning there's no known cause, but it can also be genetic.
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Dilated Cardiomyopathy (DCM): This condition causes the heart muscle to become weakened and enlarged, leading to reduced pumping efficiency. DCM can be caused by nutritional deficiencies, such as a lack of taurine in the diet, or it can be idiopathic.
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Congenital Heart Disease: Some cats are born with heart defects that can lead to heart failure and potentially cause a heart attack. These conditions are typically present at birth but may not become apparent until later in life.
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High Blood Pressure (Hypertension): Prolonged high blood pressure can strain the heart and lead to thickening of the heart muscle, similar to HCM. Hypertension in cats is often secondary to another condition, such as kidney disease or hyperthyroidism.
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Thromboembolic Disease: Blood clots (thrombi) can form in the heart and travel through the bloodstream, causing blockages in smaller vessels. This is commonly seen with HCM and can lead to sudden death if a major vessel, such as one leading to the lungs or brain, is blocked.
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Inflammatory Heart Disease: Infections or inflammation of the heart muscle (myocarditis) can weaken the heart and potentially lead to a heart attack. This can be caused by viral infections, such as feline panleukopenia virus.
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Endocrine Disorders: Conditions like hyperthyroidism and diabetes can place additional stress on the heart, leading to heart failure or other complications that may result in a heart attack.
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Age and Breed: Older cats are at higher risk for heart disease, as are certain breeds such as Maine Coons, Ragdolls, and Sphynx, which have a genetic predisposition to HCM.
Regular veterinary check-ups can help detect early signs of these conditions, allowing for prompt treatment and management to prevent complications like heart attacks. If you notice any symptoms such as lethargy, loss of appetite, difficulty breathing, or sudden collapse in your cat, it is crucial to seek immediate veterinary care.