What cat was worshipped in Egypt? - briefly
The ancient Egyptians revered and deified several species of cats, but one of the most prominent was the African wildcat (Felis lybica). This species is believed to be the ancestor of modern domestic cats and was often depicted in Egyptian art and mythology, symbolizing grace, power, and divine protection.
What cat was worshipped in Egypt? - in detail
In ancient Egyptian civilization, the worship of cats held significant cultural and religious importance. The most revered feline in Egypt was the African Wild Cat (Felis lybica), which is considered the ancestor of today's domestic cat. This species played a pivotal role in the development of cat domestication in the region, with evidence suggesting that cats were first tamed around 10,000 years ago in the Near East and subsequently spread to Egypt.
The African Wild Cat was valued by the ancient Egyptians for its ability to control pests, particularly rodents that threatened grain stores. This practical benefit led to a deep reverence for cats, as they were seen as protectors of food supplies and thus essential for the survival of communities. Over time, this utilitarian appreciation evolved into religious veneration.
Cats were often associated with the goddess Bastet, whose name translates to "she of the perfume jar." Initially depicted with a lioness's head, Bastet later took on the form of a domestic cat or a cat-headed woman. She was worshipped as a protector of the home, family, and women in childbirth. Temples dedicated to Bastet were established in cities such as Bubastis, where annual festivals honoring the goddess attracted thousands of pilgrims from across Egypt.
The reverence for cats extended beyond their association with Bastet. Cats were also linked to other deities, including Ra and Sekhmet, reflecting their perceived connection to the sun and divine power. When a cat died in an ancient Egyptian household, family members would mourn its loss, often shaving off their eyebrows as a sign of grief. This deep respect for cats was so profound that killing one, even accidentally, could result in severe punishment.
In addition to their religious significance, cats were often mummified and buried alongside their owners, indicating the strong emotional bond between humans and these animals. Artifacts such as statues, amulets, and jewelry featuring cats have been discovered in archaeological sites, further underscoring the importance of felines in Egyptian culture.
In summary, the African Wild Cat was the primary species worshipped in ancient Egypt, revered for its practical benefits and later incorporated into the religious beliefs and mythology of the civilization. This deep-rooted veneration has left an enduring legacy that continues to influence modern perceptions of cats.