What can you get infected with from cat scratches? - briefly
Cat scratches can transmit infections such as cat scratch disease, caused by the bacterium Bartonella henselae, and less commonly, tetanus or bacterial skin infections.
What can you get infected with from cat scratches? - in detail
Cat scratches, while often minor, can lead to infections caused by various pathogens. One of the most well-known infections is cat scratch disease (CSD), caused by the bacterium Bartonella henselae. This bacterium is commonly found in the saliva of infected cats and can be transmitted through scratches or bites. Symptoms of CSD include fever, swollen lymph nodes, fatigue, and sometimes a pustule at the site of the scratch. While most cases resolve on their own, severe infections may require antibiotics.
Another potential infection is pasteurellosis, caused by Pasteurella multocida, a bacterium found in the mouths of many cats. Though more commonly associated with bites, it can also enter the body through scratches if the cat licks its claws. Symptoms include redness, swelling, pain, and warmth at the scratch site, which can progress to more severe infections like cellulitis or abscesses if untreated.
Tetanus, caused by Clostridium tetani, is a rare but serious risk if a scratch becomes contaminated with soil or dirt. This bacterium produces a toxin that affects the nervous system, leading to muscle stiffness, spasms, and potentially life-threatening complications. Ensuring tetanus vaccinations are up to date is crucial for preventing this infection.
Additionally, cat scratches can introduce fungal infections, such as sporotrichosis, caused by the fungus Sporothrix schenckii. This infection typically presents as skin nodules or ulcers that can spread along the lymphatic system. It is more common in outdoor cats or those exposed to soil.
Finally, scratches can also lead to secondary bacterial infections if the wound is not properly cleaned. Bacteria like Staphylococcus aureus or Streptococcus pyogenes can colonize the scratch, causing redness, swelling, pus, and systemic symptoms like fever if the infection spreads.
To minimize risks, it is essential to clean cat scratches promptly with soap and water, monitor for signs of infection, and seek medical attention if symptoms worsen or persist. Regular veterinary care for cats and proper hand hygiene can further reduce the likelihood of transmission.