What are the types of ringworm in cats and what does it look like? - briefly
Ringworm in cats is typically caused by three types of fungi: Microsporum canis, M. gypseum, and Trichophyton mentagrophytes. It appears as circular patches of hair loss with a crusty or scaly center, often accompanied by redness and itching.
What are the types of ringworm in cats and what does it look like? - in detail
Ringworm, also known as dermatophytosis, is a common fungal infection that affects cats. It is caused by several species of fungi, primarily belonging to the genera Microsporum and Trichophyton. Understanding the types of ringworm in cats and their appearance can aid in prompt diagnosis and treatment.
The most prevalent types of ringworm in cats are:
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Microsporum canis: This is the most common type of ringworm infecting cats, accounting for approximately 98% of all cases. It is highly contagious and can be transmitted to humans, making it a significant concern for both pets and their owners. Microsporum canis typically causes hair loss and crusty lesions on the cat's head, ears, and paws. The lesions may appear as circular patches of hair loss with a scaly border, resembling a ring-like pattern.
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Microsporum gypseum: Although less common than M. canis, this type of ringworm can still affect cats. It is often found in soil and can be contracted through contact with contaminated surfaces. The symptoms are similar to those caused by M. canis, including hair loss and scaly lesions, but they may also appear on the cat's body rather than just the head and paws.
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Trichophyton mentagrophytes: This type of ringworm is less common in cats but can cause significant discomfort. It is often associated with chronic or recurrent infections. The lesions caused by T. mentagrophytes are typically more inflammatory, with redness and swelling accompanying the hair loss and scaling.
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Trichophyton verrucosum: This type of ringworm is primarily found in cattle but can occasionally affect cats that come into contact with infected animals or their environments. The lesions may appear as thickened, wart-like growths on the cat's skin, often accompanied by hair loss and scaling.
Regardless of the specific type of ringworm, the appearance of lesions in cats typically includes:
- Hair loss: This is usually the first noticeable sign, with patches of hair falling out or being broken off at the skin level.
- Skin changes: The affected areas often become scaly, crusty, or reddened, depending on the type and severity of the infection.
- Itching: Cats may exhibit excessive grooming or scratching behavior in response to the itchiness caused by the fungal infection.
Prompt diagnosis and treatment are essential for managing ringworm in cats. Veterinarians often use a Wood's lamp, which emits ultraviolet light, to examine the lesions. Fungal elements may fluoresce under this light, aiding in the identification of the infection. However, not all types of ringworm fluoresce, and a positive result does not definitively confirm the presence of ringworm. Therefore, additional tests such as fungal cultures or polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays may be necessary for accurate diagnosis.
In conclusion, recognizing the different types of ringworm in cats and their characteristic appearances is crucial for early detection and effective treatment. If you suspect your cat has ringworm, it is essential to consult a veterinarian for proper evaluation and care.