What are the consequences of being bitten by a cat? - briefly
Being bitten by a cat can lead to infection and inflammation of the skin and underlying tissues, known as cat-scratch disease (CSD). Symptoms may include swollen lymph nodes, fever, and fatigue, though most cases resolve within a few months without medical intervention.
What are the consequences of being bitten by a cat? - in detail
When a cat bites, it can inject bacteria from its mouth into the wound. This is particularly concerning because cats' teeth are designed to puncture flesh and create small, deep wounds that can easily become infected. The most common bacterium transmitted through a cat bite is Pasteurella multocida, which accounts for approximately 50-70% of all cat bite infections.
The consequences of a cat bite can be severe and varied:
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Infection: As mentioned, the primary risk is infection. Symptoms may include redness, swelling, warmth, and pain around the bite area. In more serious cases, fever, chills, and even sepsis (a severe infection that can spread throughout the body) can occur.
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Tetanus: Cat bites can also increase the risk of tetanus, a bacterial infection that affects the nervous system. Tetanus is particularly dangerous because it can lead to muscle stiffness and spasms, difficulty swallowing, and in severe cases, even death.
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Cat-Scratch Disease (CSD): While less common than Pasteurella multocida infection, CSD can occur from both bites and scratches. It is caused by the bacterium Bartonella henselae and can lead to symptoms such as swollen lymph nodes, fever, fatigue, and headache. In some cases, it may also cause more serious complications like encephalopathy or ocular disease.
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Rabies: Although rare, there is a small risk of rabies transmission through a cat bite, especially if the cat is not vaccinated or if its vaccination status is unknown. Rabies is a severe and potentially fatal viral infection that affects the nervous system.
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Allergic Reactions: In some individuals, particularly those with allergies to cats, a cat bite can trigger an allergic reaction. Symptoms may include itching, hives, or in more serious cases, anaphylaxis, which is a life-threatening condition that requires immediate medical attention.
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Long-term Complications: In rare instances, cat bites can lead to long-term complications such as osteomyelitis (infection of the bone) or septic arthritis (infection of the joints), particularly if the bite is not treated promptly and effectively.
Given these potential consequences, it is crucial to seek medical attention immediately after being bitten by a cat. Early intervention can prevent infection and minimize the risk of more serious complications. Additionally, keeping cats up-to-date with vaccinations, including rabies, can help reduce the overall risk associated with cat bites.