What are neutrophils in a cat? - briefly
Neutrophils are a type of white blood cell that play a crucial role in the feline immune system. They help fight off infections by engulfing and destroying invading pathogens such as bacteria and fungi.
What are neutrophils in a cat? - in detail
Neutrophils, also known as polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs), are a type of white blood cell that plays a crucial role in the immune system of cats. These cells are the most abundant type of white blood cell in felines, typically constituting about 50-70% of the total white blood cell count. Neutrophils are characterized by their distinctive lobed nucleus and granular cytoplasm, which contains various enzymes and antimicrobial proteins.
The primary function of neutrophils in cats is to defend against bacterial and fungal infections. Upon detecting an invading pathogen or a signal from another immune cell, neutrophils are activated and migrate towards the site of infection through a process called chemotaxis. Once at the infection site, they phagocytose (engulf and destroy) the pathogens using their granules containing antimicrobial substances like defensins, cathelicidins, and lysozyme. Neutrophils also produce reactive oxygen species to kill ingested microorganisms and release neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) to ensnare and neutralize pathogens outside the cell.
In addition to their antimicrobial role, neutrophils in cats contribute to inflammation by secreting cytokines and chemokines that recruit and activate other immune cells. They also play a part in wound healing and tissue repair by releasing growth factors and matrix metalloproteinases.
In cats, the normal range of neutrophil count in the blood is approximately 3,000 to 12,000 cells per microliter (μL). Abnormalities in neutrophil count can indicate various health issues. Neutropenia, a decrease in neutrophil count below the normal range, may occur due to viral infections (such as feline leukemia virus or feline immunodeficiency virus), certain medications, or bone marrow disorders. On the other hand, neutrophilia, an increase in neutrophil count above the normal range, can be seen in response to bacterial infections, inflammation, or stress.
Regular veterinary check-ups and blood tests are essential for monitoring the health of your cat and detecting any anomalies in its neutrophil count early on. If you notice any signs of illness or infection in your feline companion, it is advisable to consult with a veterinarian promptly to ensure timely diagnosis and appropriate treatment.