What are a cat's eyes called? - briefly
The structure that forms the eye of a cat is known as an orb or oculus. Additionally, the distinctive vertical slits that cats possess in their irises are often referred to as "cat's eye" or "vertical pupil."
What are a cat's eyes called? - in detail
A cat's eyes are often referred to as "eyes" like those of any other mammal, but their unique characteristics and structures deserve closer examination. Cats have large, almond-shaped eyes that are typically yellow or green in color. The size and shape of a cat's eyes contribute significantly to their distinctive appearance.
The structure of a cat's eye is quite complex. The eyeball itself is surrounded by a protective layer called the sclera, which is usually white but can vary in color depending on the breed. Inside the eyeball, there are several layers, including the retina, which contains photoreceptor cells that convert light into electrical signals. These signals are then sent to the brain for processing.
One of the most notable features of a cat's eye is the tapetum lucidum, a reflective layer behind the retina that enhances night vision. This layer reflects light back onto the retina, allowing cats to see better in low-light conditions compared to humans. The tapetum lucidum is responsible for the characteristic "eye shine" or "eye glow" observed when light hits a cat's eyes at night.
Additionally, cats have a high concentration of rod cells in their retinas, which are specialized for detecting motion and operating in low light. This adaptation, along with the tapetum lucidum, makes cats excellent hunters even in darkness.
The third eyelid, or nictitating membrane, is another important structure in a cat's eye. It is a thin, translucent membrane that can be extended across the eye to provide additional protection and moisture. This third eyelid can sometimes be seen when a cat is sleepy or unwell.
In summary, while cats' eyes are generally referred to as simply "eyes," their unique anatomical features—such as the tapetum lucidum, high concentration of rod cells, and nictitating membrane—make them exceptional organs for low-light vision and overall visual acuity.