Is a hyena a cat or a dog? - briefly
A hyena is neither a cat nor a dog; it belongs to its own distinct family, Hyaenidae, within the order Carnivora.
Is a hyena a cat or a dog? - in detail
The hyena is neither a cat nor a dog, despite superficial similarities to both. Hyenas belong to the family Hyaenidae, which is a distinct taxonomic group within the order Carnivora. This family includes four species: the spotted hyena, the brown hyena, the striped hyena, and the aardwolf. While hyenas share the order Carnivora with both cats (Felidae) and dogs (Canidae), they diverged evolutionarily from these families millions of years ago, leading to significant differences in anatomy, behavior, and ecology. Hyenas are more closely related to mongooses and civets than to cats or dogs, as evidenced by genetic studies and morphological traits. Their unique skeletal structure, particularly their robust skulls and powerful jaws, sets them apart from both feline and canine species. Additionally, hyenas exhibit social behaviors and communication methods that are distinct from those of cats and dogs. For instance, spotted hyenas live in complex matriarchal clans, a social structure not observed in either cats or dogs. Their vocalizations, such as the iconic "laugh," are also unique to their species. While hyenas may resemble dogs in their body shape and posture, their hunting strategies and dietary habits differ significantly. Hyenas are highly adaptable scavengers and skilled hunters, capable of consuming bones and other tough materials due to their specialized digestive systems. In summary, hyenas are a separate evolutionary branch within the Carnivora order, with their own unique characteristics that distinguish them from both cats and dogs.