If a cat has bladder stones, what should I do?

If a cat has bladder stones, what should I do? - briefly

If your cat is diagnosed with bladder stones, prompt veterinary care is essential. Ensure that your cat is well-hydrated and follow your veterinarian's prescribed treatment plan, which may include medication or surgery.

If a cat has bladder stones, what should I do? - in detail

Bladder stones in cats, also known as uroliths or calculi, are mineral deposits that form in the urinary bladder. These stones can cause significant discomfort and potentially serious health issues if left untreated. If you suspect your cat has bladder stones, prompt action is crucial to ensure their well-being.

Firstly, it is essential to recognize the symptoms of bladder stones in cats. Common signs include:

1. Straining to urinate: Your cat may have difficulty or pain when attempting to pass urine.
2. Frequent urination: More frequent trips to the litter box, often with little to no output.
3. Blood in urine (hematuria): You might notice pinkish or reddish urine, which can indicate irritation or damage caused by stones.
4. Lethargy and loss of appetite: General malaise and decreased food intake may accompany the discomfort from bladder stones.
5. Vocalization: Excessive meowing or crying, especially when trying to urinate.
6. Inappropriate elimination: Urinating outside the litter box due to pain or discomfort.

If you observe any of these symptoms, it is vital to consult a veterinarian immediately. The vet will likely perform a physical examination and run diagnostic tests such as:

1. Urinalysis: Analyzing a urine sample can reveal the presence of stones or crystals.
2. Radiographs (X-rays): Imaging can help identify the size, location, and composition of the stones.
3. Ultrasound: This non-invasive method provides detailed images of the bladder and can detect stones that may not be visible on X-rays.

Based on these findings, your veterinarian will recommend an appropriate course of treatment. There are several methods to address bladder stones in cats:

1. Dietary management: Specially formulated diets can dissolve certain types of stones and prevent future formation. These diets usually have lower levels of minerals that contribute to stone formation, such as magnesium, phosphorus, and calcium.
2. Medications: Your vet may prescribe medications to help dissolve the stones or reduce inflammation and pain.
3. Surgery: In cases where dietary management is not effective or if the stones are too large or cause a blockage, surgery may be necessary. The procedure involves making an incision in the bladder wall (cystotomy) to remove the stones. This method requires general anesthesia and carries some risks, but it is often the most effective way to remove large or obstructive stones.
4. Lithotripsy: This non-invasive procedure uses shock waves to break up the stones into smaller pieces that can then be passed in the urine. It is not commonly used for cats and may require referral to a specialized facility.
5. Perineal urethrostomy (PU): In some cases, especially with male cats, recurrent bladder stone formation or blockages may necessitate this surgical procedure. PU involves creating a new opening for urination below the penis, which can help prevent future obstructions.

After treatment, it is crucial to follow your veterinarian's advice regarding post-operative care and dietary management to minimize the risk of stone recurrence. Regular check-ups and monitoring urine pH and specific gravity can also be helpful in preventing future issues.

In conclusion, if you suspect your cat has bladder stones, prompt veterinary care is essential for a successful outcome. With proper diagnosis and treatment, many cats can lead normal, healthy lives free from the discomfort of bladder stones.