How to treat aspergillosis in cats? - briefly
Treatment of aspergillosis in cats typically involves antifungal medications, such as itraconazole or amphotericin B, and in severe cases, surgical intervention may be required to remove infected tissue.
How to treat aspergillosis in cats? - in detail
Aspergillosis in cats is a fungal infection caused by Aspergillus species, which can affect the nasal passages, sinuses, or, in rare cases, disseminate to other organs. Treatment requires a multifaceted approach tailored to the severity and location of the infection. Antifungal medications are the cornerstone of therapy. Itraconazole and fluconazole are commonly prescribed oral antifungals, with itraconazole being particularly effective against Aspergillus due to its broad-spectrum activity. Voriconazole, another potent antifungal, may be used in refractory cases, though it requires careful monitoring for potential side effects. In cases of localized nasal or sinus aspergillosis, topical antifungal therapy is often employed. This may involve the direct application of clotrimazole or enilconazole into the affected nasal passages, typically performed under general anesthesia to ensure proper delivery. Surgical debridement may be necessary to remove fungal plaques or necrotic tissue, especially in severe or chronic cases. This is often combined with antifungal treatment to enhance efficacy. Supportive care is essential to manage symptoms and improve the cat’s overall condition. This includes pain management, maintaining hydration, and ensuring proper nutrition. In disseminated cases, where the infection has spread to other organs, aggressive systemic antifungal therapy is required, often involving a combination of medications. Regular follow-up with a veterinarian is critical to monitor the cat’s response to treatment, adjust medications as needed, and detect any recurrence early. Environmental management is also important to minimize exposure to Aspergillus spores, which are commonly found in soil, decaying vegetation, and damp environments. Early diagnosis and prompt treatment significantly improve the prognosis for cats with aspergillosis.