How to read blood tests for cats? - briefly
Interpreting a cat's blood test involves analyzing values such as red and white blood cell counts, platelets, and biochemical markers to assess overall health and detect potential issues. Always consult a veterinarian for accurate interpretation and diagnosis.
How to read blood tests for cats? - in detail
Reading blood tests for cats involves understanding the various components measured and what they indicate about the cat’s health. A complete blood count (CBC) and a blood chemistry panel are the most common tests performed. The CBC evaluates red blood cells (RBCs), white blood cells (WBCs), and platelets. RBCs carry oxygen, and abnormalities in their count, size, or shape can suggest anemia, dehydration, or other conditions. Hemoglobin and hematocrit levels within the CBC provide further insight into oxygen-carrying capacity and blood volume. WBCs are part of the immune system, and elevated or decreased counts can indicate infection, inflammation, or immune disorders. Platelets are essential for blood clotting, and abnormal levels may signal bleeding disorders or bone marrow issues.
The blood chemistry panel measures enzymes, proteins, and other substances to assess organ function. Liver enzymes such as ALT, AST, and ALP are evaluated to detect liver damage or disease. Elevated levels of these enzymes may indicate hepatitis, cirrhosis, or other liver conditions. Kidney function is assessed through creatinine and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels. High values often point to kidney disease or dehydration. Glucose levels indicate blood sugar regulation, with high levels potentially signaling diabetes and low levels suggesting hypoglycemia. Electrolytes like sodium, potassium, and chloride are measured to evaluate hydration, acid-base balance, and kidney function. Abnormalities in these can lead to serious health issues if not addressed.
Protein levels, including albumin and globulin, provide information about liver function, hydration, and immune status. Low albumin levels may indicate liver disease, malnutrition, or kidney issues, while elevated globulin levels can suggest infection or inflammation. Calcium and phosphorus levels are assessed for bone health and metabolic function. Imbalances can indicate kidney disease, hyperparathyroidism, or other disorders. Thyroid hormone levels, particularly thyroxine (T4), are often checked in older cats to diagnose hyperthyroidism, a common condition in aging felines.
Interpreting these results requires considering the cat’s overall health, symptoms, and medical history. Veterinary professionals use reference ranges specific to cats, as their values differ from those of humans or other animals. Trends over time are also important, as a single abnormal result may not always indicate a problem. Blood tests are a critical diagnostic tool, but they are typically used alongside physical exams, imaging, and other tests to form a complete picture of the cat’s health. Accurate interpretation ensures timely and appropriate treatment, improving the cat’s quality of life.