How to determine a cat's coat color? - briefly
To determine a cat's coat color, observe the predominant hue and any patterns or markings. The underlying genetic factors also play a significant role in dictating the final appearance of the fur.
How to determine a cat's coat color? - in detail
To determine a cat's coat color, one must understand the genetics and pigmentation processes involved in feline fur. Cats have two types of pigments: eumelanin (black or brown) and pheomelanin (red or yellow). The expression of these pigments is controlled by several genes, with the most significant being the B (brown), O (orange), and D (dilute) series.
The B series gene controls the production of eumelanin. A cat with two copies of the B allele will have a black coat, while a cat with one copy of the b allele and one copy of the B allele will exhibit a brown (chocolate) coat. Cats with two copies of the b allele are typically cream-colored, as the absence of eumelanin allows pheomelanin to dominate.
The O series gene influences the expression of pheomelanin. A cat with two copies of the O allele will have an orange coat, while a cat with one copy of the o allele and one copy of the O allele may exhibit a calico or tortoiseshell pattern due to X-inactivation in females. Male cats cannot express this pattern as they only have one X chromosome.
The D series gene affects the dilution of both eumelanin and pheomelanin. A cat with two copies of the d allele will have a diluted coat color, such as blue (diluted black) or cream (diluted red). Cats with one copy of the D allele and one copy of the d allele may exhibit intermediate shades between the diluted and non-diluted colors.
Additionally, the white spotting gene (S series) can introduce white fur patterns, such as bibs, mittens, or a full belly patch, depending on the number of S alleles present. The tabby pattern genes (A and Taqpep series) contribute to stripes, whorls, and other distinctive markings seen in many cat breeds.
By analyzing a cat's pedigree, observing its coat color and patterns, and understanding the inheritance of these genetic factors, one can accurately determine a cat's coat color. However, it is essential to note that some colors and patterns may be influenced by modifier genes or environmental factors, adding complexity to the process.