How is immunodeficiency transmitted from cat to cat? - briefly
Transmission of feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) between cats primarily occurs through bite wounds, as the virus is present in high concentrations in the saliva of infected cats. Additionally, it can be passed from an infected mother to her kittens during birth or through nursing.
How is immunodeficiency transmitted from cat to cat? - in detail
Immunodeficiency in cats, often referred to as Feline Immunodeficiency Virus (FIV), is a condition that compromises the immune system, making felines more susceptible to various infections and diseases. Transmission of FIV from one cat to another primarily occurs through direct contact with infected bodily fluids. The most common modes of transmission include:
Bite wounds: FIV is frequently spread through bite wounds, as the virus is present in the saliva of infected cats. When an infected cat bites another cat, the virus can enter the bloodstream of the bitten cat, leading to infection. This is particularly common among outdoor cats that engage in territorial fights.
Maternal transmission: Kittens can acquire FIV from their infected mothers, either in utero or through the mother's milk. This mode of transmission is less common than bite wounds but is still a significant route, especially in multi-cat households where the mother cat is infected.
Blood transfusion: Although less common, FIV can also be transmitted through blood transfusions if the donated blood is from an infected cat. Veterinary clinics and blood banks typically screen for FIV to prevent this mode of transmission.
Shared needles: In some cases, cats that receive injections or are involved in experimental procedures may contract FIV if the same needle is used on multiple cats without proper sterilization. This is a rare occurrence but highlights the importance of using sterile equipment.
It is essential to note that casual contact, such as sharing litter boxes, bowls, or grooming, does not typically transmit FIV. The virus is not airborne and requires direct contact with infected fluids to spread. Regular veterinary check-ups and testing are crucial for early detection and management of FIV in cats. Vaccination is available and can help prevent infection, but it is not 100% effective. Therefore, it is important to follow preventive measures, such as keeping cats indoors, spaying or neutering to reduce fighting, and regular health monitoring.