How is FIV transmitted in cats? - briefly
Feline Immunodeficiency Virus (FIV) is primarily transmitted through bite wounds during cat fights, as the virus is present in the saliva of infected cats. Less commonly, it can be transmitted from an infected mother cat to her kittens during pregnancy or nursing.
How is FIV transmitted in cats? - in detail
Feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) is a lentivirus that primarily affects felines, causing an immune system deficiency similar to human HIV. The transmission of FIV among cats occurs predominantly through deep bite wounds during aggressive encounters or territorial disputes. This virus does not survive long outside the host, which means it cannot be transmitted through casual contact, sharing food bowls, or general grooming.
During a bite incident, the virus is present in the saliva of an infected cat and can enter the bloodstream of another cat through punctures in the skin or mucous membranes. The risk of transmission increases significantly if the biting cat has advanced stages of FIV infection, as the viral load in their saliva is typically higher. Additionally, kittens are more susceptible to infection due to their underdeveloped immune systems and smaller body size, which makes them less able to resist or combat the virus effectively.
It's important to note that indoor cats with no exposure to outdoor felines have a very low risk of contracting FIV. However, outdoor cats or those in multi-cat households where aggression and biting are common are at higher risk. Neutering male cats can also help reduce aggressive behavior and thereby decrease the likelihood of transmission.
Regular veterinary check-ups and testing for FIV are essential to monitor the health status of cats, especially those with a history of outdoor activity or known exposure to infected cats. Early detection allows for better management of the disease and can improve the quality of life for infected felines.