How is feline sterilization performed? - briefly
Feline sterilization is typically performed through a surgical procedure known as ovariohysterectomy for females and orchiectomy for males. The process involves removing the reproductive organs under general anesthesia, which prevents future pregnancies and reduces behavioral issues associated with intact cats.
How is feline sterilization performed? - in detail
Feline sterilization, also known as spaying or neutering, is a common surgical procedure performed on cats to prevent unwanted litters and reduce certain behavioral issues. The process involves removing the reproductive organs of the cat under general anesthesia. Here is a detailed account of how feline sterilization is performed:
Firstly, the veterinarian will conduct a thorough pre-operative examination to ensure the cat is healthy enough for surgery. This includes checking vital signs and performing blood tests if necessary. The cat's age, weight, and overall health are crucial factors in determining the appropriate time for sterilization. Generally, cats can be spayed or neutered at around 6 months of age, but this can vary depending on individual circumstances.
On the day of the surgery, the veterinarian will administer a pre-anesthetic sedative to calm the cat and make it easier to handle. Once the sedative takes effect, an intravenous (IV) catheter is inserted into a vein in the cat's leg or neck to provide access for administering general anesthesia and other necessary medications.
The cat is then moved to the surgical suite where it will be connected to monitoring equipment that tracks vital signs such as heart rate, respiratory rate, blood pressure, and oxygen saturation levels. General anesthesia is induced through the IV catheter, putting the cat into a state of unconsciousness. This ensures that the cat feels no pain during the procedure.
For female cats (spaying), the veterinarian makes an incision in the abdomen, usually just below the umbilicus. The incision is typically small, around 1-2 inches long, depending on the size of the cat and the surgeon's preference. Through this incision, the veterinarian carefully removes the ovaries and uterus. In some cases, a procedure called an ovariectomy may be performed, where only the ovaries are removed. This is considered a safer alternative as it reduces the risk of post-operative complications such as infection or hemorrhage.
For male cats (neutering), the veterinarian makes a small incision in the scrotum, typically just above each testicle. The veterinarian then carefully removes both testicles through this incision. In some cases, especially for older cats or those with undescended testicles, an incision may be made directly into the abdomen to access and remove the testicles internally.
Once the reproductive organs have been removed, the veterinarian closes the incisions using sutures or surgical staples. The type of closure used depends on the surgeon's preference and the specific needs of the cat. In some cases, absorbable sutures may be used that dissolve over time, eliminating the need for a follow-up visit to remove non-absorbable sutures.
After the surgery is complete, the cat is moved to a recovery area where it will be closely monitored until it regains consciousness. The veterinary staff ensures that the cat is warm and comfortable during this time. Once awake, the cat may be given pain medication or anti-inflammatory drugs to manage any post-operative discomfort.
In most cases, cats can go home the same day as the surgery, although some veterinarians may recommend keeping the cat overnight for observation. Owners are provided with detailed aftercare instructions, including how to monitor the incision site for signs of infection or other complications. It is essential to keep the cat quiet and restrict its activity for several days following the procedure to allow the incisions to heal properly.
Regular follow-up visits may be scheduled to check on the cat's recovery and remove any non-absorbable sutures if necessary. With proper care and attention, most cats recover from sterilization surgery without complications and can enjoy a long and healthy life.