How is feline plague transmitted? - briefly
Feline plague is primarily transmitted through the bite of an infected flea. It can also be spread through direct contact with an infected cat or its body fluids.
How is feline plague transmitted? - in detail
Feline plague, also known as cat-scratch disease (CSD), is caused by the bacterium Bartonella henselae and is primarily transmitted through contact with infected cats or their fleas. The transmission process involves several key steps and potential routes of infection, which are detailed below:
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Flea Bite: The most common route of transmission is through the bite of an infected flea. Fleas act as vectors for Bartonella henselae, carrying the bacterium in their gut and transmitting it to cats during a blood meal. When a cat scratches or licks an area bitten by an infected flea, the bacteria can enter the cat's body and establish an infection.
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Cat Scratch or Bite: Direct contact with an infected cat through a scratch or bite is another primary method of transmission. The bacteria are present in the cat's saliva and can be introduced into the human body during such encounters. This is why CSD is often associated with cat scratches, although bites can also transmit the infection.
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Inhalation: Inhaling dust contaminated with cat feces or flea dirt (flea excrement) can also lead to infection. When cats groom themselves, they ingest and excrete Bartonella henselae in their feces. Fleas feeding on infected cats can also excrete the bacterium in their fecal matter, which then dries out and becomes airborne as dust particles. Inhaling these particles can result in human infection.
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Parenteral Exposure: Healthcare workers or veterinarians who handle infected animals may be at risk of transmission through accidental needle sticks or cuts with contaminated instruments. This route is less common but should be considered in occupational settings where exposure to infected cats or their blood is possible.
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Contact with Infected Cat Saliva: Although less common, contact with the saliva of an infected cat can also transmit the disease. This might occur during activities such as kissing a cat or sharing food with it.
It is important to note that while cats are the primary reservoir for Bartonella henselae, other animals like dogs and rodents can also carry and transmit the bacterium, albeit less efficiently. Proper hygiene practices, flea control, and regular veterinary care for pets can significantly reduce the risk of contracting feline plague.
In summary, feline plague is transmitted primarily through contact with infected cats or their fleas, with flea bites, cat scratches or bites, inhalation of contaminated dust, and parenteral exposure being the main routes of infection. Understanding these transmission mechanisms is crucial for implementing effective preventive measures against this disease.