How is coat color inherited in cats? - briefly
Coat color inheritance in cats is primarily determined by three main genes: the Agouti Signaling Protein (ASIP) gene, the Tyrosinase (TYR) gene, and the Melanocortin 1 Receptor (MC1R) gene. These genes influence the production of melanin, the pigment responsible for fur color, resulting in a wide variety of coat patterns and colors seen in cats.
How is coat color inherited in cats? - in detail
Coat color inheritance in cats is a complex process governed by multiple genes, each contributing unique traits to the overall appearance of the fur. The primary genes responsible for coat color in cats are located on chromosomes B, C, D, and E. These genes interact with one another in various combinations, resulting in the wide array of colors and patterns observed among feline breeds.
The B locus is pivotal in determining whether a cat will have black fur or not. The dominant allele at this locus, B, produces black fur, while the recessive allele, b, leads to non-black colors such as red, cream, or various shades of brown. This gene also influences eye color, with cats carrying two copies of the b allele typically having blue eyes.
The C locus controls the presence of full-color versus diluted color. The dominant allele, C, results in full-color coats, while the recessive allele, c, causes a dilution effect, producing lighter shades of the base color. For example, a cat with black fur (B) and dilute genes (cc) will have a gray coat.
The D locus is responsible for the distribution of color across the cat's body. The dominant allele, D, allows for even color distribution, while the recessive allele, d, causes color restriction, leading to patterns such as tabby or tortoiseshell. In combination with other genes, this locus can produce a variety of coat patterns, including stripes, spots, and swirls.
Lastly, the E locus determines whether eumelanin (black/brown pigment) will be present in the fur. The dominant allele, E, allows for eumelanin production, while the recessive allele, e, prevents it, resulting in a coat consisting solely of pheomelanin (red/yellow pigment). This gene interacts with the B locus to influence the final color outcome.
In addition to these primary genes, modifier genes can also play a role in fine-tuning the expression of coat colors and patterns. These genes may affect the intensity or distribution of specific colors, contributing to the rich diversity of feline coats.
Understanding the intricacies of coat color inheritance in cats requires considering the combined effects of these genetic loci. Each gene contributes a unique aspect to the overall phenotype, resulting in the vast spectrum of coat colors and patterns seen in domestic and wild cat populations worldwide.