How does thromboembolism manifest in cats? - briefly
Thromboembolism in cats often presents as sudden limb paralysis, typically in the hind legs, accompanied by pain, cold extremities, and weak or absent pulses. Affected cats may also exhibit vocalization, rapid breathing, and signs of distress due to reduced blood flow.
How does thromboembolism manifest in cats? - in detail
Thromboembolism in cats, particularly feline aortic thromboembolism (FATE), is a severe and often life-threatening condition that arises when a blood clot obstructs blood flow, typically in the aorta or its branches. This condition is frequently associated with underlying heart disease, such as hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), which predisposes cats to clot formation. The clinical manifestations of thromboembolism in cats are acute and dramatic, often causing sudden distress. Affected cats may exhibit extreme pain, vocalization, and paralysis or paresis of the hind limbs, as the clot commonly lodges at the aortic trifurcation, disrupting blood supply to the rear legs. The limbs may feel cold to the touch, and the paw pads may appear pale or bluish due to ischemia. Pulses in the affected limbs are often weak or absent. Cats may also display rapid breathing, lethargy, and an elevated heart rate as the body responds to the crisis. In some cases, the clot may affect other areas, such as the forelimbs, kidneys, or brain, leading to corresponding symptoms like weakness in the front legs, kidney failure, or neurological deficits. The condition can progress rapidly, and without prompt intervention, it often results in severe tissue damage, organ failure, or death. Diagnostic evaluation typically involves physical examination, imaging studies such as ultrasound or radiographs, and blood tests to assess clotting function and overall health. Treatment focuses on pain management, improving blood flow, and addressing the underlying cause, often involving anticoagulant therapy, thrombolytic agents, or surgical intervention in select cases. Despite aggressive treatment, the prognosis for cats with thromboembolism remains guarded, with a high risk of recurrence or complications. Early recognition and management of underlying heart disease are critical in reducing the risk of this devastating condition.