How does feline plague manifest? - briefly
Feline plague is typically characterized by lethargy, loss of appetite, and fever. In severe cases, it can progress to respiratory distress and neurological symptoms such as seizures or paralysis.
How does feline plague manifest? - in detail
Feline plague, also known as cat scratch disease (CSD), is caused by the bacterium Bartonella henselae and can manifest in various ways, primarily affecting the skin and lymphatic system. The disease typically begins with a mild infection at the site of the initial scratch or bite from an infected cat. This initial lesion may appear as a small papule or pustule, which can progress to form a more significant ulcer or abscess.
One of the most common symptoms of feline plague is lymphadenopathy, which refers to the swelling and tenderness of the lymph nodes draining the affected area. This condition usually occurs within one to three weeks after exposure to the bacterium. The inguinal lymph nodes are most commonly involved, but axillary or epitrochlear lymph nodes can also be affected, depending on the location of the initial lesion. In some cases, multiple lymph node groups may become enlarged and tender.
In addition to localized skin manifestations and lymphadenopathy, feline plague can cause systemic symptoms in about 50% of infected individuals. These systemic symptoms often include fever, fatigue, headache, and muscle or joint pain. In some cases, patients may also experience loss of appetite, nausea, or vomiting. The fever associated with CSD is usually low-grade but can persist for several weeks.
While the majority of feline plague infections are self-limiting and resolve within a few months without specific treatment, some individuals may develop more severe complications. One such complication is Parinaud's oculoglandular syndrome, which involves unilateral conjunctivitis accompanied by preauricular or submandibular lymphadenopathy. This condition can lead to significant eye discomfort and swelling of the surrounding tissues.
Another potential complication of feline plague is bacillary angiomatosis, a rare but serious condition that primarily affects immunocompromised individuals, such as those with HIV/AIDS. Bacillary angiomatosis manifests as multiple red or purple papules on the skin, which can progress to form larger nodules or ulcers. Internal organs, including the liver and spleen, may also be affected, leading to more severe symptoms such as weight loss, anemia, and abdominal pain.
In conclusion, feline plague manifests through a range of symptoms, from localized skin lesions and lymphadenopathy to systemic symptoms and rare but serious complications. Recognizing the signs and seeking appropriate medical care are crucial for managing this condition effectively.