How does a cat cough up? - briefly
A cat coughs up hairballs by regurgitating them. This process is triggered when the cat feels discomfort or a blockage in its throat, which prompts it to retch and bring up the hairball.
How does a cat cough up? - in detail
Coughing is a common occurrence in cats, and it can be caused by various factors. To understand how a cat coughs up, one must first consider the anatomy of the feline respiratory system.
Cats have a highly efficient respiratory system designed for their predatory lifestyle. When a cat inhales, air passes through the nasal cavity and pharynx before entering the trachea, which then branches into smaller bronchi and eventually bronchioles leading to the alveoli. The alveoli are tiny sacs where gas exchange occurs, facilitating oxygen intake and carbon dioxide removal from the bloodstream.
When a cat coughs, it is typically a response to irritation or obstruction within the respiratory tract. This reflex action serves as a protective mechanism to clear any foreign particles or secretions that may have accumulated in the airways. The coughing process involves several steps:
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Trigger: An irritant such as dust, allergens, hairballs, or inflammation in the respiratory tract triggers the cough reflex. This signal is transmitted from the respiratory tract to the brain via the vagus nerve.
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Inspiration: The cat takes a deep breath, drawing air into the lungs. During this phase, the larynx (voice box) and glottis (opening between the vocal cords) are open, allowing air to flow freely.
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Compression: The abdominal muscles contract forcefully while the glottis closes. This compression creates a buildup of pressure in the lungs.
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Expulsion: As the cat forces out the breath, the closed glottis suddenly opens, releasing the built-up pressure. This explosive release of air propels any mucus, secretions, or foreign particles out of the respiratory tract and into the mouth.
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Ejection: The expelled material is often coughed up and spat out by the cat. In some cases, the cat may swallow the material if it is not bothersome or irritating.
The frequency and severity of coughing can vary depending on the underlying cause. Some common causes of coughing in cats include:
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Hairballs: Cats groom themselves by licking their fur, which can lead to the formation of hairballs in the stomach. These hairballs may be regurgitated or coughed up as a way for the cat to expel them from its system.
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Asthma and allergies: Feline asthma and allergic reactions can cause inflammation and narrowing of the airways, leading to coughing fits.
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Infections: Bacterial or viral infections, such as feline herpesvirus (rhinotracheitis) or calicivirus, can irritate the respiratory tract and trigger a cough.
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Heart disease: Certain heart conditions, particularly those affecting the left atrium, can cause fluid buildup in the lungs (pulmonary edema), leading to coughing as a symptom.
If your cat is exhibiting persistent or severe coughing, it is essential to consult with a veterinarian. They can perform a thorough examination and diagnostic tests to determine the underlying cause and recommend appropriate treatment options. Proper care and management of the underlying condition are crucial for maintaining your cat's respiratory health and overall well-being.