How do you sterilize cats? - briefly
To sterilize cats, veterinarians perform a surgical procedure called an ovariohysterectomy for females and an orchiectomy for males. This involves removing the ovaries and uterus in females, and the testicles in males, under general anesthesia.
How do you sterilize cats? - in detail
Sterilizing cats is a common and responsible practice for pet owners, especially if you want to prevent unwanted litters or address certain behavioral issues. The process involves surgically removing the ovaries and fallopian tubes of female cats (spaying) or the testicles of male cats (neutering). Here's a detailed look at how this procedure is typically performed:
Pre-Operative Care
Before the surgery, your veterinarian will conduct a thorough physical examination to ensure your cat is healthy enough for the procedure. This may include blood tests to check for any underlying conditions that could affect anesthesia or recovery. You'll be advised not to feed your cat after midnight on the day before the surgery to prevent complications from vomiting during anesthesia.
Anesthesia
On the day of the surgery, your cat will be given a pre-anesthetic agent to help them relax and reduce anxiety. General anesthesia is then administered using a combination of injectable drugs. Once your cat is under anesthesia, an endotracheal tube is inserted into the windpipe to maintain a steady supply of oxygen and anesthetic gas throughout the procedure.
Surgical Procedure for Female Cats (Spaying)
- Incision: A small incision is made in the cat's abdomen, usually along the midline.
- Exposure of Ovaries and Fallopian Tubes: The veterinarian carefully separates the ovaries and fallopian tubes from the surrounding tissues.
- Ligation and Excision: Each ovary is tied off with sutures to prevent bleeding, and then they are removed along with the fallopian tubes.
- Closure: The incision is closed using absorbable sutures. In some cases, skin glue or staples may be used instead of traditional sutures.
Surgical Procedure for Male Cats (Neutering)
- Incision: A small incision is made in the scrotum.
- Exposure of Testicles: The testicles are gently pushed through the incision.
- Ligation and Excision: Each vas deferens is tied off with sutures, and then the testicles are removed.
- Closure: The incision is closed using absorbable sutures or skin glue.
Post-Operative Care
After the surgery, your cat will be closely monitored as they recover from anesthesia. Pain medication may be administered to manage any discomfort. Your veterinarian will provide you with detailed instructions on how to care for your cat at home, including:
- Restrict Activity: Keep your cat quiet and restrict activity for 10-14 days to allow the incision to heal properly.
- E-Collar: A plastic cone (E-collar) may be provided to prevent your cat from licking or biting at the surgical site.
- Check the Incision: Monitor the incision for signs of infection, such as redness, swelling, or discharge.
- Follow-Up Visit: A follow-up visit is usually scheduled 10-14 days after the surgery to remove any remaining sutures and ensure proper healing.
Benefits of Sterilization
Sterilizing your cat offers numerous benefits, including:
- Population Control: Prevents unwanted litters, contributing to overall pet population control.
- Behavioral Improvements: May reduce or eliminate problem behaviors such as spraying (in males) and heat-related behaviors (in females).
- Health Benefits: Reduces the risk of certain reproductive cancers and infections.
By following these steps, you can ensure a safe and successful sterilization procedure for your cat, providing them with a healthier and happier life. Always consult your veterinarian for personalized advice tailored to your cat's specific needs.