How do cats get tuberculosis? - briefly
Cats can contract tuberculosis (TB) primarily through contact with infected animals or contaminated environments. The most common source is from other cats or wildlife that carry the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex bacteria, which can be transmitted via respiratory secretions or feces.
How do cats get tuberculosis? - in detail
Cats can contract tuberculosis (TB) through various pathways, primarily from infected humans or other animals. Tuberculosis in cats is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex bacteria, which are zoonotic, meaning they can be transmitted between species. Here's a detailed look at how cats might become infected:
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Human-to-Cat Transmission: The most common route of infection in cats is through contact with humans who have active pulmonary TB. When an infected human coughs or sneezes, they expel bacteria into the air. Cats sharing a household with these individuals can inhale these bacteria, leading to feline tuberculosis.
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Animal-to-Cat Transmission: Cats can also contract TB from other animals, such as cattle, deer, or even other cats that are infected. This is particularly relevant for outdoor cats or those living in areas with high wildlife populations known to carry TB. The bacteria can be transmitted through direct contact, inhalation of contaminated aerosols, or ingestion of infected tissue.
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Environmental Contamination: Although less common, cats can acquire TB from contaminated environments. This could occur if they come into contact with surfaces or objects that have been exposed to the bodily fluids (like saliva or sputum) of an infected individual or animal. The bacteria can survive in the environment for varying periods, making this a potential risk factor.
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Ingestion of Infected Food: While rare, cats might contract TB by consuming raw meat from animals that carry the disease. This is more likely to occur in outdoor cats or those fed raw diets without proper precautions.
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Vertical Transmission: Although not well-documented in cats, there is a possibility of vertical transmission—where an infected mother passes the bacteria to her kittens during pregnancy or birth. This mode of transmission requires further research.
Once infected, cats may show various symptoms including lethargy, loss of appetite, weight loss, and respiratory issues such as coughing or difficulty breathing. Diagnosis typically involves a combination of clinical signs, radiography, and laboratory tests like the tuberculin skin test or PCR analysis of tissue samples.
It's crucial to note that feline TB can also pose a risk to humans, making it essential for owners to consult with veterinary professionals if they suspect their cat might be infected. Preventive measures include ensuring proper hygiene practices, such as covering the mouth when coughing or sneezing, and regular veterinary check-ups for both cats and any other pets in the household.