How do cats get leukemia? - briefly
Cats can acquire feline leukemia virus (FeLV) through contact with infected cats, typically via saliva during grooming or biting. FeLV is highly contagious and affects the cat's immune system, leading to various health issues including cancer.
How do cats get leukemia? - in detail
Feline leukemia is a complex and multifaceted disease that affects felines worldwide. It is caused by the feline leukemia virus (FeLV), which is classified as a retrovirus. The virus primarily infects cells of the immune system, particularly T-lymphocytes, and can lead to a wide range of health issues, including anemia, immunosuppression, and various types of cancer.
The transmission of FeLV typically occurs through direct contact with infected cats, either via saliva, nasal secretions, or other bodily fluids. Cats living in multi-cat households, shelters, or catteries are at a higher risk due to the increased likelihood of exposure to the virus. Additionally, kittens are more susceptible to infection as their immune systems are not yet fully developed.
Once the virus enters a cat's body, it targets and integrates its genetic material into the host cell's DNA. This integration can disrupt normal cellular functions and lead to uncontrolled proliferation of infected cells. Over time, the virus may cause various clinical symptoms, including weight loss, lethargy, poor coat condition, and recurrent infections due to compromised immune function.
It is important to note that not all cats exposed to FeLV will develop the disease. Some cats may clear the infection on their own, while others may become latent carriers, meaning they harbor the virus but do not exhibit any symptoms. However, these latent carriers can still transmit the virus to other cats.
Regular veterinary check-ups and diagnostic testing are crucial for early detection and management of feline leukemia. Vaccination is also available and can help prevent infection in cats that are at risk. Proper hygiene practices, such as separate food bowls and litter trays for infected cats, can further reduce the spread of the virus within a household or cattery.
In conclusion, feline leukemia is a serious disease caused by the FeLV retrovirus. Transmission occurs through direct contact with infected cats, and kittens are particularly vulnerable. Early detection and proper management strategies are essential for minimizing the impact of this disease on feline populations.