Coronavirus infection in cats, how? - briefly
Cats can contract coronavirus through direct contact with infected animals or exposure to contaminated environments, with the virus primarily affecting the intestines or, in severe cases, mutating to cause feline infectious peritonitis (FIP). Transmission often occurs via fecal-oral routes or shared litter boxes.
Coronavirus infection in cats, how? - in detail
Coronavirus infection in cats is primarily caused by feline coronavirus (FCoV), a common virus that affects domestic and wild cats. FCoV exists in two forms: feline enteric coronavirus (FECV) and feline infectious peritonitis virus (FIPV). FECV typically causes mild gastrointestinal symptoms, such as diarrhea, and is often asymptomatic. However, in some cases, FECV can mutate into FIPV, which leads to feline infectious peritonitis (FIP), a severe and often fatal disease. The virus is highly contagious and spreads through fecal-oral transmission, meaning cats can contract it by ingesting or inhaling particles from contaminated feces, litter boxes, or shared food and water bowls. Multi-cat environments, such as shelters or catteries, are particularly prone to outbreaks due to close contact and shared resources. Stress, overcrowding, and compromised immune systems can increase susceptibility to infection. Diagnosis is challenging because FECV often presents with mild or no symptoms, while FIP is diagnosed based on clinical signs, laboratory tests, and histopathology. Treatment for FECV is supportive, focusing on managing symptoms, but FIP has historically been difficult to treat. Recent advancements in antiviral drugs, such as GS-441524, have shown promise in managing FIP, though access and cost remain barriers. Prevention includes maintaining good hygiene, minimizing stress, and isolating infected cats to reduce transmission. Vaccines for FIP exist but are not universally effective. Understanding the virus’s behavior and taking proactive measures are essential for managing its impact on feline health.