Cats and valerian, why is there such a reaction? - briefly
Cats are drawn to valerian due to its similarity in smell to catnip, another plant that contains nepetalactone, a compound known to induce euphoric behaviors in felines. The reaction is often one of excitement and playfulness, with cats rolling around, rubbing against objects, or becoming more affectionate.
Cats and valerian, why is there such a reaction? - in detail
The intriguing reaction of cats to valerian root has long been a subject of fascination for pet owners and scientists alike. This phenomenon, often referred to as "catnip for cats," involves a complex interplay of chemical compounds and feline physiology.
Valerian (Valeriana officinalis) is a perennial flowering plant native to Europe and Asia, known for its sedative properties in humans. The active compound responsible for the calming effect is valerenic acid. However, it is not this component that elicits the peculiar response in cats. Instead, the key players are nepetalactone and actinidine, found in higher concentrations in the related plant, catnip (Nepeta cataria).
When a cat encounters valerian root or its essential oil, these compounds interact with specific receptors in the cat's olfactory system. This triggers a cascade of neurochemical events, leading to an altered state of consciousness. The behavioral changes observed include rolling on the ground, rubbing against objects, increased activity, and even temporary aggression.
The exact mechanism behind this reaction remains a topic of ongoing research. One theory suggests that nepetalactone mimics the structure of certain pheromones produced by female cats in heat, causing the tomcat to exhibit mating behaviors. Another hypothesis proposes that the compounds may act as a mild sedative or stimulant, altering the cat's perception and eliciting playful or aggressive responses.
It is important to note that not all cats react to valerian in the same way. While many felines display the characteristic behaviors, some show no response at all, and a few may even exhibit signs of agitation or anxiety. This variability could be attributed to genetic factors or individual differences in the cat's olfactory system.
In conclusion, the reaction of cats to valerian root is a multifaceted phenomenon involving specific chemical compounds and the cat's unique physiology. Although the exact mechanism remains elusive, the intriguing behavioral changes provide insight into the complex world of feline neurobiology.