Can you get sick from a cat scratch? - briefly
Yes, a cat scratch can lead to infections such as cat scratch disease, caused by the bacterium Bartonella henselae. Proper wound care and monitoring are essential to prevent complications.
Can you get sick from a cat scratch? - in detail
Yes, it is possible to become ill from a cat scratch, primarily due to a condition known as cat scratch disease (CSD). This illness is caused by the bacterium Bartonella henselae, which can be transmitted to humans through a scratch, bite, or even a lick from an infected cat, particularly if the cat’s saliva enters an open wound or mucous membrane. Cats often carry this bacterium without showing symptoms, and it is spread among cats by fleas. When a cat scratches a person, the bacteria can be introduced into the skin, leading to infection.
The symptoms of cat scratch disease typically appear within 3 to 14 days after exposure. Initial signs include redness, swelling, or the formation of a small bump or blister at the site of the scratch. This may be followed by mild flu-like symptoms such as fever, headache, fatigue, and swollen lymph nodes, particularly those near the scratch site. In most cases, the illness is mild and resolves on its own within a few weeks, but complications can occur, especially in individuals with weakened immune systems. Rare but serious complications include infections of the eyes, brain, heart, or other organs.
To reduce the risk of infection, it is important to clean any cat scratch or bite immediately with soap and water. Avoid rough play with cats to minimize the likelihood of scratches, and ensure your cat is treated regularly for fleas, as they are a primary vector for the bacteria. If symptoms of cat scratch disease develop, especially if they are severe or persistent, seeking medical attention is advisable. Antibiotics may be prescribed in certain cases, particularly for individuals with compromised immune systems or severe symptoms. Overall, while cat scratches are common, understanding the risks and taking preventive measures can help mitigate the potential for illness.