Instruction: how to know that a cat is trying to warn you about an illness.

Behavioral Changes

1. Altered Eating Habits

Cats are highly attuned to changes in their owners’ health. When a feline modifies its feeding behavior, it may signal that the person is developing an illness. Understanding these patterns helps you respond promptly.

Reduced appetite for the owner’s food - A cat that normally begs for scraps but suddenly refuses may be reacting to subtle changes in the owner’s scent or body chemistry associated with infection or metabolic disorders.
Increased begging for specific nutrients - Preference for high‑protein or low‑fat foods can indicate the owner’s blood sugar fluctuations or immune challenges, prompting the cat to seek foods that support recovery.
Altered timing of meals - Feeding earlier or later than usual, especially when the owner’s routine is disrupted by fatigue or pain, suggests the cat is detecting irregularities in the household’s activity level.
Selective avoidance of certain dishes - Refusal of dairy, spicy, or heavily processed meals may reflect the cat’s sensitivity to the owner’s altered breath or skin odor, which can shift during illness.

These behavioral shifts are not random; they result from a cat’s acute olfactory perception of hormonal and metabolic markers emitted by a sick individual. Recognizing altered eating habits as a warning sign enables timely medical consultation and strengthens the human‑cat partnership.

1.1. Loss of Appetite

Veterinary specialists recognize a sudden or prolonged reduction in a cat’s food intake as a reliable indicator that the animal may be communicating a health concern. When a normally voracious feline begins to ignore meals, the behavior often reflects discomfort, metabolic imbalance, or early disease processes that the cat cannot verbalize.

A drop of more than 10 % in daily consumption, persisting for 24 hours or longer, warrants immediate observation.
Selective refusal of specific foods, while still eating other items, can point to oral pain, dental disease, or gastrointestinal irritation.
Complete refusal of all food, especially when accompanied by lethargy, vomiting, or weight loss, frequently signals systemic illness such as kidney failure, hepatic dysfunction, or hyperthyroidism.

The underlying mechanisms typically involve nausea, inflammation, or altered taste perception. Nausea suppresses appetite through central pathways, while dental pathology creates pain that discourages chewing. Metabolic disorders disrupt normal hunger signals, leading to anorexia. Early detection hinges on monitoring feeding patterns, weighing the cat regularly, and noting any concurrent behavioral changes.

If loss of appetite is detected, the recommended response includes:

Offering a palatable, easily digestible diet (e.g., warmed wet food or a specialized recovery formula).
Checking for signs of oral discomfort-red gums, broken teeth, or drooling.
Recording the duration and severity of the reduced intake.
Consulting a veterinarian within 48 hours for diagnostic testing (blood work, urinalysis, imaging) to identify the root cause and initiate appropriate treatment.

Prompt attention to appetite changes can prevent progression to severe cachexia and improve prognosis across a wide range of feline illnesses.

1.2. Increased Thirst

Increased thirst, or polydipsia, is a reliable indicator that a cat may be signaling an underlying health problem. Cats normally drink small, frequent amounts; a noticeable rise in water consumption-such as refilling the bowl multiple times a day or seeking out additional sources-warrants attention.

Typical medical conditions associated with heightened thirst include:

Chronic kidney disease: impaired filtration leads to fluid loss and compensatory drinking.
Diabetes mellitus: elevated blood glucose creates osmotic diuresis, prompting the animal to seek more water.
Hyperthyroidism: accelerated metabolism increases urine output and, consequently, fluid intake.
Liver insufficiency or urinary tract infections: secondary fluid imbalance can produce similar behavior.

Distinguishing pathological thirst from normal variation involves monitoring both volume and pattern. Record daily water intake, note any sudden changes, and observe accompanying signs such as weight loss, increased urination, lethargy, or changes in appetite. Consistent escalation over a few days, especially when paired with other symptoms, suggests a medical issue.

When increased thirst is detected, the appropriate response is a veterinary examination. The clinician will likely request blood work, urinalysis, and possibly imaging to identify the cause. Early diagnosis improves treatment outcomes for the conditions listed above.

1.3. Difficulty Chewing

Veterinary specialists recognize difficulty chewing as a direct indicator that a cat may be signaling an underlying health issue. When a cat hesitates to bite, drops food, or gnaws only briefly before discarding it, the behavior often reflects oral pain, dental disease, or systemic conditions affecting the musculature and nerves.

Key observations include:

Frequent dropping of kibble or wet food mid‑bite.
Preference for soft textures despite a history of dry food consumption.
Audible clicking or grinding of teeth that differs from normal grooming sounds.
Reduced intake leading to noticeable weight loss within days.

These patterns frequently correspond to specific ailments. Dental abscesses, periodontal disease, and fractured teeth generate localized pain that impedes normal mastication. Inflammatory disorders such as feline stomatitis produce widespread oral discomfort, while neurological problems like feline dysautonomia can alter muscle control, making chewing laborious. Systemic infections, notably feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) or feline leukemia virus (FeLV), may present early with reduced appetite and chewing difficulty as secondary symptoms.

Prompt veterinary evaluation is essential. A thorough oral examination, radiographic imaging, and blood work can differentiate between localized dental pathology and broader systemic disease. Early intervention-whether dental cleaning, extraction, antimicrobial therapy, or management of systemic illness-prevents progression and restores normal feeding behavior.

Owners who monitor chewing habits and act on deviations provide their cats with the most effective safeguard against hidden illnesses.

2. Changes in Litter Box Habits

As a veterinary behavior specialist, I observe that alterations in a cat’s litter box routine often serve as an early indicator that the animal is signaling a potential health problem. The cat’s instinct to maintain a clean environment drives it to modify toileting behavior when discomfort or physiological change arises.

Typical warning signs include:

Sudden increase in frequency of urination or defecation, especially if accompanied by small, concentrated volumes.
Repeated attempts to dig or scratch without producing waste, suggesting pain or difficulty in elimination.
Avoidance of the usual box, with the cat selecting alternative locations such as tiles, carpets, or hidden corners.
Presence of blood, mucus, or unusual odor in urine or feces, indicating infection, inflammation, or gastrointestinal upset.
Excessive grooming of the genital area after using the box, reflecting irritation or urinary tract distress.

These patterns merit prompt veterinary evaluation because they frequently precede more overt clinical manifestations. Early detection through careful monitoring of litter box habits can facilitate timely diagnosis and treatment, improving the cat’s prognosis and preserving the human‑animal bond.

2.1. Urinating Outside the Box

Cats that begin urinating outside the litter box may be signaling a health problem. As a veterinary behavior specialist, I observe that this behavior often correlates with specific physiological disturbances.

Urinary tract infection or inflammation causes discomfort, prompting the cat to seek alternative sites that feel less painful.
Bladder stones or crystals irritate the lining, leading to erratic elimination patterns.
Kidney disease reduces the cat’s ability to concentrate urine, increasing urgency and accidents.
Diabetes mellitus can cause polyuria, overwhelming the litter box capacity and encouraging deposition elsewhere.

When the behavior appears suddenly, assess the following indicators:

Blood or cloudy appearance in the urine.
Excessive licking of the genital area.
Increased drinking and frequent urination.
Changes in appetite or weight loss.

A thorough veterinary examination, including urinalysis and blood work, confirms the underlying condition. Early detection through this behavioral cue allows prompt treatment, reducing the risk of complications such as renal failure or severe infection.

2.2. Increased Frequency of Urination

Increased frequency of urination is a subtle but reliable signal that a cat may be communicating an underlying health problem. When a feline visits the litter box more often than usual, it often reflects a physiological disturbance rather than a behavioral quirk.

Polydipsia and polyuria usually accompany conditions such as diabetes mellitus, chronic kidney disease, or hyperthyroidism. The cat drinks more water and eliminates it in larger volumes, resulting in multiple trips to the litter area.
Urinary tract infections cause irritation of the bladder lining, prompting the animal to empty its bladder at the slightest urge. Small, frequent voids replace the normal pattern of several larger voids per day.
Painful bladder syndrome (feline interstitial cystitis) leads to urgency and discomfort, producing a similar pattern of increased visits without a noticeable increase in total urine output.

Observing the context of the behavior refines the diagnosis. If the cat’s water consumption rises alongside the urination frequency, metabolic disorders are more likely. If the urine appears cloudy, contains blood, or is accompanied by vocalization during elimination, a urinary infection or inflammation should be suspected. A sudden shift in litter habits without changes in diet or environment often signals a medical issue rather than stress.

Prompt veterinary assessment is essential. A basic work‑up includes blood glucose measurement, serum chemistry, thyroid panel, and urinalysis. Early detection of diabetes or kidney impairment can prevent progression to severe complications. Treatment strategies differ: insulin therapy for diabetes, dietary management for kidney disease, antibiotics for infections, and pain control for cystitis.

Owners should record the number of litter box visits, water intake, and any accompanying symptoms. This data provides veterinarians with objective evidence, enabling faster identification of the underlying condition and more effective intervention.

2.3. Straining or Difficulty Defecating

Veterinarians recognize that a cat’s reluctance to pass stool often signals an underlying health problem. When a feline repeatedly adopts a hunched posture on the litter box, vocalizes distress, or spends excessive time attempting to eliminate without success, these behaviors can be interpreted as a warning signal.

Key indicators of straining or difficulty defecating include:

Persistent squatting with a clenched abdomen
Audible grunting or moaning during attempts
Presence of small, hard pellets or occasional blood in the stool
Sudden avoidance of the litter box
Signs of discomfort such as licking the perianal area or a lowered activity level

These manifestations may point to conditions such as constipation, megacolon, intestinal obstruction, or inflammatory bowel disease. Early detection is critical: prompt veterinary evaluation can prevent complications like fecal impaction or severe dehydration.

If any of the above behaviors appear, owners should:

Observe the cat’s litter box habits for at least 24 hours.
Record the frequency, duration, and any abnormal sounds.
Contact a veterinarian to discuss observations and arrange an examination.

Understanding that a cat’s straining behavior is not merely a habit but a potential health alert empowers owners to intervene before the condition escalates.

3. Altered Activity Levels

Veterinary specialists recognize that a cat’s activity pattern often serves as a direct indicator of physiological distress. When a normally calm animal suddenly engages in persistent pacing, frequent jumps onto high surfaces, or exhibits heightened alertness, the shift usually reflects discomfort, pain, or an internal imbalance. Such hyperactivity is not random play; it signals the nervous system’s response to an underlying condition that requires prompt attention.

Conversely, a marked reduction in movement-extended periods of sleep, reluctance to climb, or avoidance of previously enjoyed activities-signals that the cat is conserving energy due to illness. Lethargy of this nature often accompanies infections, metabolic disorders, or organ dysfunction, and it typically precedes more overt clinical signs.

To differentiate normal variation from warning behavior, monitor the animal’s baseline routine for at least one week. Record any deviations in the following categories:

Frequency of spontaneous movements (e.g., pacing, climbing)
Duration of rest periods compared to typical sleep cycles
Engagement in interactive play or hunting behaviors
Response to environmental stimuli such as toys or feeding times

If the recorded data reveal consistent increases or decreases beyond the established baseline, schedule a veterinary examination without delay. Early identification of altered activity levels enables timely diagnostic testing and therapeutic intervention, reducing the risk of disease progression.

3.1. Lethargy or Reduced Playfulness

Lethargy and a noticeable decline in playfulness often signal that a cat is attempting to alert its caregiver to an underlying health problem. When a normally active feline chooses to rest for extended periods, avoids interactive toys, or shows reluctance to engage in typical routines, the behavior usually reflects physiological discomfort rather than mere mood fluctuation.

Key observations include:

Reduced initiation of play or refusal to respond to familiar stimuli.
Prolonged sleeping beyond the usual 12‑16 hours per day for an adult cat.
Decreased grooming activity, leading to a dull or matted coat.
Slow, hesitant movements, especially when climbing or jumping.

These patterns should prompt immediate veterinary assessment, as early detection of conditions such as infections, metabolic disorders, or pain-related ailments improves treatment outcomes. Monitoring the frequency and duration of these changes provides valuable diagnostic clues and assists professionals in determining the severity of the issue.

3.2. Restlessness or Agitation

Cats display restlessness when they sense a physiological change in a person. Sudden pacing, repeated circling of a room, or persistent meowing indicates heightened arousal. This behavior often coincides with the animal’s effort to draw attention, especially if the owner is unusually still or unresponsive.

Key manifestations of agitation include:

Frequent changes in position, such as shifting from lying down to standing within seconds.
Repeatedly rubbing against the owner’s face or hands while producing low‑frequency vocalizations.
Rapid, short‑burst movements toward the person’s bed or workspace, accompanied by tail flicking and ear swiveling.

The underlying mechanism involves the cat’s acute olfactory system detecting altered metabolic by‑products in sweat or breath. When a disease progresses, volatile compounds shift, prompting the feline to react instinctively. Monitoring the intensity and frequency of these restless episodes can help differentiate a normal play surge from a health‑related alert.

If restlessness escalates-lasting more than a few minutes, occurring several times a day, or paired with other warning signs such as atypical grooming or loss of appetite-consider evaluating the owner’s health. Early medical consultation is advisable, as the cat’s response often precedes overt symptoms in the human.

3.3. Hiding More Often

Cats are highly attuned to subtle changes in their environment, including the physiological state of their human companions. When a feline begins to retreat to concealed locations more frequently, it often reflects an instinctive response to perceived illness in the owner.

Increased hiding may manifest as:

Preference for secluded spots such as under furniture, inside closets, or behind appliances rather than usual resting places.
Reduced interaction with household members, including avoidance of direct eye contact and vocalization.
Frequent relocation to new, less trafficked areas within the home, suggesting a search for a quieter environment.
A marked decline in the cat’s presence during routine activities like feeding times or play sessions.

These behaviors typically arise because the cat detects alterations in scent, body temperature, or movement patterns associated with the owner’s health condition. The animal’s survival instincts drive it to minimize exposure to potential threats, which, in this context, includes an ill caregiver whose altered state may signal danger.

When observing a cat that hides more often, a prudent response includes:

Monitoring the cat’s overall health to rule out internal stressors.
Assessing the owner’s recent symptoms-fever, fatigue, respiratory changes-that could be detected by the cat’s heightened senses.
Providing safe, quiet spaces that allow the cat to withdraw without feeling abandoned.
Consulting a veterinarian if the hiding persists beyond a few days, as prolonged avoidance may indicate the cat’s own discomfort.

By recognizing the pattern of increased concealment, owners can infer that their pet may be signaling a health concern, prompting timely medical evaluation for both human and feline well‑being.

4. Vocalization Differences

Cats communicate health concerns through subtle changes in their vocal repertoire. An experienced observer can differentiate ordinary chatter from a warning signal by noting specific acoustic traits.

Pitch elevation: A sudden rise in tone, often higher than the cat’s typical meow, indicates heightened arousal linked to discomfort.
Prolonged trills: Extended, continuous trilling replaces brief, intermittent chirps when the animal attempts to draw attention to persistent pain.
Abrupt frequency shifts: Rapid oscillations between low and high frequencies, unlike the steady rhythm of normal calls, suggest distress.
Increased volume: Louder utterances, especially in quiet environments, serve as an urgent alert to caregivers.
Contextual repetition: Repeating the same vocal pattern at regular intervals, particularly during feeding or grooming, signals that the cat associates the situation with an internal issue.

These vocal cues often appear alongside other behavioral signs, such as reduced activity or altered posture. Recognizing the pattern and consistency of these sounds enables owners to intervene promptly, reducing the risk of serious health complications.

4.1. Increased Meowing or Crying

As a veterinary behavior specialist, I observe that a cat’s sudden rise in vocal output frequently signals an underlying medical issue. Cats normally reserve loud meows for human interaction; when the frequency or intensity of meowing and crying escalates without obvious environmental triggers, the animal is often communicating discomfort or distress.

Key indicators associated with increased vocalization include:

Persistent, high‑pitched meowing that occurs at night or during routine activities.
Crying sounds that accompany restlessness, pacing, or attempts to escape confinement.
Vocalization paired with other subtle signs such as reduced appetite, altered litter‑box habits, or changes in grooming behavior.

When these patterns emerge, a thorough physical examination is warranted. Laboratory tests may reveal infections, pain‑related conditions, or metabolic disorders that the cat cannot articulate verbally. Early veterinary assessment can differentiate normal behavioral expression from a health‑related warning, enabling timely intervention.

4.2. Reduced Vocalization

Cats rarely vocalize when they feel uneasy. A sudden decline in meowing, chirping, or purring often signals discomfort that the animal cannot articulate verbally. When a feline that usually communicates with a range of sounds becomes unusually quiet, the change may be a protective response to an underlying health issue.

Key observations associated with reduced vocalization include:

Consistent silence: The cat refrains from its typical greeting meows or nighttime calls for several days.
Altered interaction: The animal avoids eye contact and withdraws from social areas, preferring secluded spots.
Physical signs: Lethargy, loss of appetite, or subtle limping accompany the quiet behavior, reinforcing the suspicion of illness.
Environmental triggers: The silence intensifies after exposure to stressful stimuli such as veterinary visits, new household members, or changes in routine.

Veterinary assessment should follow these steps:

Conduct a thorough physical examination, focusing on temperature, heart rate, and respiratory sounds.
Perform blood work to detect infections, metabolic disorders, or organ dysfunction.
Evaluate dental health, as oral pain often suppresses vocal output.
Review recent environmental changes to rule out stress‑induced silence.

Early detection hinges on recognizing that a cat’s diminished vocal activity is not merely a personality trait but a potential alarm signal. Prompt veterinary consultation can prevent progression of hidden diseases and restore the animal’s normal communicative behavior.

4.3. Changes in Meow Tone

Cats communicate health alerts through subtle shifts in vocal quality. When a feline perceives an internal disturbance, the meow often becomes sharper, with a higher fundamental frequency that cuts through background noise. This elevated pitch is frequently accompanied by a brief, urgent cadence, suggesting immediate attention.

A decrease in tonal richness also signals discomfort. A normally resonant meow may turn thin, lacking the usual harmonic richness that characterizes relaxed vocalizations. This flattening effect results from tension in the laryngeal muscles, which often accompanies pain or nausea.

Additional acoustic markers include:

Longer sustain on the final syllable, indicating persistence of the underlying issue.
Irregular rhythm, where the cat inserts pauses or accelerates the call pattern.
A nasal quality, produced by altered airflow when the respiratory tract is irritated.

Monitoring these variations enables owners to differentiate ordinary solicitations from genuine health warnings, allowing prompt veterinary evaluation.

5. Grooming Habits

Cats communicate health concerns through subtle alterations in their grooming routine. When a feline suddenly spends excessive time licking a single spot, it often indicates localized discomfort or infection. Persistent scratching or biting of a particular area can signal skin parasites, allergic reactions, or underlying pain. Conversely, a noticeable decline in overall self‑cleaning-evident by a dull coat, tangled fur, or persistent matting-suggests systemic issues such as thyroid imbalance, renal disease, or chronic pain that diminish the animal’s motivation to groom.

Key observations include:

Targeted over‑grooming: Repeated licking of paws, limbs, or the abdomen may precede dermatitis, joint inflammation, or urinary tract irritation.
Hair loss patches: Circular bald spots accompany allergic responses, fungal infections, or hormonal disorders.
Coat texture changes: Rough, brittle fur often correlates with nutritional deficiencies, liver dysfunction, or endocrine disorders.
Reduced grooming frequency: A cat that appears unkempt, with oily skin or clumped fur, may be experiencing lethargy, arthritis, or neurological decline.

Veterinarians interpret these grooming patterns as early warning signs. Prompt veterinary assessment-including physical examination, blood work, and skin scrapings-confirms the underlying condition. Early detection through attentive observation of grooming habits can prevent disease progression and improve treatment outcomes.

5.1. Excessive Licking or Chewing

As a veterinary specialist, I observe that cats convey discomfort through focused grooming behaviors. When a cat repeatedly licks or chews a particular area, the action often exceeds normal self‑maintenance and signals an underlying problem.

Excessive licking or chewing is characterized by:

Sessions lasting several minutes or longer, repeated throughout the day.
Targeted attention on one spot, such as a paw, abdomen, or flank.
Visible skin irritation, redness, hair loss, or raw patches.
Escalation to self‑inflicted wounds or inflammation.

These patterns commonly accompany:

Dermatological infections (bacterial or fungal) that cause itching.
Allergic reactions to food, environmental particles, or flea saliva.
Parasite infestations, including mites or ticks, that provoke localized irritation.
Musculoskeletal pain, such as arthritis, prompting the cat to rub the affected joint.
Systemic illnesses (renal disease, hyperthyroidism) that produce pruritus as a secondary symptom.

To interpret the behavior accurately, record:

The exact body region involved.
Frequency and duration of each grooming episode.
Any accompanying signs: changes in appetite, lethargy, weight loss, or vocalization.
Environmental changes that could introduce new allergens or stressors.

When the cat’s grooming becomes persistent, results in tissue damage, or is accompanied by additional clinical signs, immediate veterinary evaluation is warranted. A thorough examination-including skin scrapings, blood work, and imaging if needed-will identify the root cause and guide appropriate treatment. Early intervention prevents progression to more severe disease and reduces the risk of chronic pain or infection.

5.2. Matted or Unkempt Fur

Matted or unkempt fur frequently signals that a cat is experiencing discomfort or an underlying medical condition. When a cat cannot groom effectively, the coat becomes tangled, uneven, or excessively dirty. This grooming failure often reflects pain, neurological impairment, or systemic illness.

Persistent mats in typically smooth areas (neck, back, tail) suggest arthritic joint pain limiting reach.
Excessive shedding combined with clumped fur indicates skin infections, parasites, or hormonal imbalances such as hyperthyroidism.
A sudden shift from a glossy coat to a dull, greasy appearance may accompany renal or hepatic disease, where toxin buildup alters skin oil production.
Inconsistent grooming patterns-cleaning one side while neglecting the other-can reveal facial nerve dysfunction or dental pain that restricts mouth movement.

Veterinary assessment should focus on:

Physical examination of the skin for redness, swelling, or parasites.
Blood work to detect organ dysfunction, thyroid levels, and inflammatory markers.
Radiographs or neurological tests if joint pain or nerve impairment is suspected.

Prompt intervention, including regular brushing to prevent mat formation and addressing the root health issue, restores the cat’s ability to maintain coat condition and reduces stress signals directed toward the owner. Recognizing matted or unkempt fur as an early warning enables timely medical care and improves the animal’s overall welfare.

5.3. Avoidance of Grooming

Cats communicate discomfort through changes in self‑care. When a feline deliberately reduces grooming, it often signals an underlying health problem that requires attention.

A sudden decline in licking or scratching can indicate:

Painful skin lesions that the cat avoids aggravating.
Joint or muscle soreness that makes reaching difficult.
Systemic illness causing lethargy or loss of appetite, leading to overall reduced activity.
Dental issues that make oral grooming uncomfortable.

Observe the pattern. If avoidance is brief, lasting only a few hours, it may be a temporary stress response. Persistent reduction, especially combined with other signs such as weight loss, altered litter habits, or vocalization, warrants veterinary evaluation.

When assessing grooming avoidance, consider these diagnostic steps:

Conduct a thorough visual inspection of the coat for mats, redness, or missing patches.
Palpate joints and muscles for tenderness or swelling.
Examine the mouth for dental decay, gingivitis, or broken teeth.
Review recent changes in diet, environment, or routine that could affect behavior.
Request laboratory tests if systemic illness is suspected.

Early recognition of grooming neglect allows timely intervention, preventing the condition from worsening and improving the cat’s prognosis.

Physical Indicators

1. Changes in Appearance

As a veterinary behavior specialist, I observe that a cat’s physical presentation often conveys information about its internal state. When a feline senses discomfort or disease, subtle alterations in appearance become reliable indicators that the animal is attempting to alert its caregiver.

Coat quality - sudden dullness, excessive shedding, or the emergence of bald patches suggests metabolic or endocrine disturbances. Healthy fur is glossy and evenly distributed; any abrupt change warrants investigation.
Skin condition - redness, scabbing, or the appearance of lesions indicates dermatological infection, allergies, or systemic illness. Cats rarely display visible skin problems without an underlying cause.
Weight fluctuations - rapid loss or gain, especially when accompanied by muscle wasting, points to gastrointestinal disorders, hyperthyroidism, or diabetes. A stable body condition score is a baseline; deviation signals a problem.
Eye and nasal discharge - watery or pus‑filled secretions reflect respiratory infections, ocular disease, or immune compromise. Normal eyes are clear and bright; any opacity or crusting should be noted.
Tail and whisker posture - a relaxed, slightly elevated tail and forward‑pointing whiskers are signs of confidence. When a cat holds its tail low, tucks it, or flattens whiskers, it may be communicating unease linked to pain or malaise.
Paw pads - changes in color or texture, such as darkening or cracking, can accompany circulatory issues or nutritional deficiencies.

These visual cues are not random; they serve as a feline communication system that prompts owners to seek veterinary assessment before conditions worsen. Monitoring appearance consistently enables early detection and timely intervention.

1.1. Weight Loss or Gain

Cats are highly attuned to internal imbalances, and a noticeable shift in body mass often serves as a direct alert. When a feline begins to shed fat rapidly, it may indicate metabolic disorders, hyperthyroidism, diabetes, or gastrointestinal parasites. Conversely, sudden accumulation of tissue can signal hormonal disturbances, fluid retention, or reduced activity due to joint pain.

Key observations for owners:

Consistent weight decline over a few weeks, despite unchanged feeding routines.
Loss of muscle definition while the coat remains thin.
Increased appetite paired with continued weight loss, suggesting malabsorption.
Rapid weight gain without a change in diet, especially in the abdominal region.
Visible edema in the limbs or belly, often accompanying weight increase.
Changes in grooming behavior; a cat that stops licking may be conserving energy.

To verify the warning, record the cat’s weight weekly using a calibrated scale. Compare the data with baseline measurements taken during routine wellness exams. If the trend exceeds 5 % of body weight in either direction, schedule a veterinary assessment promptly. Blood panels, thyroid hormone tests, and imaging can pinpoint the underlying condition.

Understanding these patterns enables early intervention, preventing progression to more severe health issues. Regular monitoring, combined with professional evaluation, transforms the cat’s subtle signals into actionable medical insight.

1.2. Dull Coat

A cat’s coat often reflects internal health. When the fur loses its typical sheen and appears matte, the animal may be signaling a problem that warrants attention.

A dull coat can result from several physiological changes:

Reduced blood circulation, which diminishes nutrient delivery to hair follicles.
Hormonal imbalances that alter sebum production, leaving the fur dry and lifeless.
Nutrient deficiencies, especially of essential fatty acids, protein, or vitamins, which impair fur quality.
Chronic pain or stress, which can cause grooming neglect and a lackluster appearance.

Observe the texture as well as the color. A coat that feels brittle, tangles easily, or flakes when brushed often accompanies skin inflammation or parasitic infestation. In conjunction with other behavioral cues-such as decreased activity, altered appetite, or vocalization changes-the dullness becomes a reliable indicator that the cat is attempting to alert its caregiver to an underlying condition.

If you notice a persistent loss of luster, schedule a veterinary examination. Early detection based on coat condition can lead to prompt treatment, preventing the progression of disease and restoring the animal’s typical vibrancy.

1.3. Lumps or Bumps

Cats often respond to subtle changes in a person’s condition. When a feline repeatedly contacts a specific area of the body that feels firm or raised, it may be indicating a health concern. This behavior is rooted in the animal’s heightened tactile sensitivity and instinct to investigate irregularities.

Typical manifestations include:

Persistent pawing or nudging of a spot that feels like a lump.
Resting the head or body against the area, applying gentle pressure.
Repeatedly licking or sniffing the region, sometimes accompanied by a low, insistent meow.

These actions differ from normal affection. A cat that merely seeks attention will vary its contact points, whereas a warning focus remains fixed on the same anomaly. The animal’s persistence, combined with a change in its usual grooming pattern, strengthens the likelihood of a genuine alert.

Physiologically, cats can detect temperature differences, inflammation, and changes in texture through whisker and paw receptors. When a swelling or tumor alters the skin’s contour, the cat’s sensory input registers the deviation. The animal then attempts to communicate by drawing the owner’s awareness to the site.

For owners, the practical response involves:

Inspecting the highlighted area for size, firmness, and tenderness.
Consulting a medical professional if the lump is new, growing, or painful.
Observing whether the cat’s focus shifts after medical evaluation; a reduction often signals the issue has been addressed.

By respecting the cat’s targeted behavior, owners can catch potential health problems early, leveraging the pet’s innate monitoring abilities.

2. Eye and Nose Discharge

Cats rarely communicate directly, but changes in their secretions can serve as a subtle alert. When a cat develops unusual eye or nasal discharge, it may be responding to an environmental or physiological disturbance that could affect the household.

Clear, watery discharge that appears suddenly and persists for more than a day often indicates irritation from allergens, dust, or a mild viral infection. In such cases, the cat may seek more frequent grooming or display brief, deliberate blinking toward the owner, signaling discomfort without overt distress.

Thick, yellow or green mucus suggests a bacterial infection or upper‑respiratory disease such as feline calicivirus or chlamydiosis. Accompanying symptoms-sneezing, lethargy, or reduced appetite-strengthen the implication that the animal is trying to draw attention to a health threat that may also impact humans, especially in immunocompromised individuals.

A combination of ocular and nasal secretion, particularly when one side is more affected, can point to sinus involvement or a secondary infection. Cats may exhibit increased head shaking, pawing at the face, or a subtle shift in posture that directs the owner’s gaze toward the affected area.

Key observations for owners:

Discharge color and consistency (clear, mucoid, purulent)
Duration (transient vs. persistent beyond 24 hours)
Associated behaviors (excessive grooming, head tilting, blinking)
Concurrent signs (sneezing, coughing, appetite loss)

When any of these patterns emerge, prompt veterinary assessment is advisable. Early detection not only safeguards the cat’s health but also reduces the risk of zoonotic transmission to people sharing the same environment.

2.1. Runny Eyes

Cats often develop watery eyes when they detect a change in their environment, including subtle shifts in a person’s physiological state. The secretion is typically clear, may be accompanied by mild swelling of the eyelids, and does not contain pus or blood. When a cat’s eyes become consistently runny without an obvious irritant, consider the following possibilities as indicators that the animal is responding to a potential health issue in the household.

Allergic response: Cats can perceive airborne allergens released by a sick person (e.g., histamine, cytokines). Runny eyes may reflect the cat’s own allergic reaction to these compounds.
Stress‑induced lacrimation: Elevated cortisol levels in humans during illness can affect the ambient scent profile. Cats sensitive to stress hormones may exhibit lacrimal gland activation, resulting in watery eyes.
Infectious cue detection: Some studies suggest felines can sense viral particles or bacterial metabolites on a person’s skin. Persistent ocular discharge may be a sign that the cat is reacting to these pathogens.
Environmental irritants: Fever or medication vapors can alter room humidity and chemical composition. Cats respond by increasing tear production to protect their corneas.

To determine whether the runny eyes serve as a warning signal, observe the following patterns:

Duration: Discharge lasting more than 48 hours without improvement points to a systemic trigger rather than a transient irritant.
Symmetry: Bilateral tearing is more common in response to internal cues; unilateral discharge often indicates a localized eye issue.
Accompanying behavior: Increased clinginess, vocalization, or attempts to sit on the affected person’s chest suggest the cat is trying to draw attention.
Correlation with human symptoms: Note if the cat’s ocular symptoms intensify when the person’s fever spikes, cough worsens, or medication changes.

If the cat’s eyes remain watery despite cleaning the face and eliminating obvious irritants, consult a veterinarian to rule out ocular disease. Simultaneously, assess personal health: persistent runny eyes in the cat may warrant a medical check‑up for the household member, especially if other subtle signs-such as altered appetite or lethargy-appear concurrently.

2.2. Nasal Discharge

Cats often present nasal discharge as one of the most visible signals that something is amiss internally. Clear, watery fluid may indicate a mild irritation or early allergic response, while thicker, colored secretions suggest infection or systemic involvement. A pale yellow or green discharge points to bacterial rhinitis or viral upper‑respiratory disease; blood‑tinged mucus frequently accompanies trauma or severe inflammation. When the discharge is accompanied by sneezing, coughing, or reduced appetite, the likelihood of a contagious pathogen increases, and the cat may be attempting to alert its caregiver to a health threat that could also affect humans.

Key observations for accurate interpretation:

Color: clear → irritation or early allergy; yellow/green → bacterial or viral infection; red → trauma or severe inflammation.
Consistency: watery → mild irritation; mucous‑thick → infection; crusty → chronic condition.
Frequency: occasional dribble → minor issue; persistent flow → ongoing disease.
Accompanying signs: sneezing, coughing, lethargy, loss of appetite, fever.

If nasal discharge persists for more than 48 hours, changes in hue, or is linked with systemic signs, veterinary assessment is warranted. Early detection via these nasal cues enables timely intervention, reducing the risk of disease progression and protecting both the animal and household members.

2.3. Redness or Swelling

Veterinary experts recognize localized redness and swelling as a primary communication channel for felines when their bodies are fighting infection, inflammation, or injury. The skin may appear pink to deep crimson, often accompanied by a raised, firm or fluid‑filled area. These changes usually develop near the source of discomfort-such as a wound, joint, or internal organ that is inflamed.

Key observations include:

Color intensity - a bright, uniform redness often signals acute inflammation; a darker, mottled hue suggests chronic irritation or vascular compromise.
Edge definition - sharply demarcated borders indicate a localized response, while diffuse spreading points to systemic involvement.
Temperature - the affected region feels warmer than surrounding tissue, confirming increased blood flow.
Pain response - the cat may withdraw or vocalize when the area is touched, demonstrating protective behavior.

When these signs appear, the animal is likely attempting to draw attention to a health issue. Prompt veterinary assessment should focus on:

Physical examination of the affected site to determine depth and composition of swelling.
Diagnostic imaging or cytology if fluid accumulation is suspected.
Laboratory tests (CBC, biochemistry) to identify underlying infection or organ dysfunction.
Immediate treatment with anti‑inflammatory medication, antibiotics, or wound care as indicated.

Monitoring the progression of redness and swelling provides insight into treatment efficacy. A reduction in color intensity and size within 24-48 hours typically reflects a positive response, whereas persistence or expansion warrants reassessment. By interpreting these visual cues accurately, owners can intervene early, preventing escalation of the underlying condition.

3. Breathing Difficulties

Cats possess a keen sensitivity to changes in human respiration. When a person begins to struggle for air, a cat may respond with behaviors that differ from its usual routine. Recognizing these signals can provide an early alert to a developing respiratory problem.

A cat that senses breathing difficulty often:

Positions itself close to the affected individual, maintaining prolonged eye contact and gentle pawing.
Emits a low, repetitive chirp or soft meow, distinct from its normal vocalizations.
Rests its head or body on the person’s chest or throat area, as if attempting to stabilize the breath.
Shows heightened agitation, pacing back and forth near the person’s face, then quickly returning to the same spot.

These actions are typically directed toward the airway region, suggesting the animal is trying to draw attention to compromised breathing. The cat’s attention is more focused and persistent than when seeking food or play, and the behavior may appear unusually urgent.

If any of the above patterns emerge, especially in combination, it is prudent to assess the individual’s breathing rate, listen for wheezing, and seek medical evaluation without delay. Cats do not diagnose conditions, but their instinctive response to altered respiration can serve as a valuable warning sign.

3.1. Coughing or Sneezing

Cats possess a keen sensitivity to changes in human health, and certain respiratory behaviors can serve as early alerts. When a cat repeatedly coughs or sneezes near a person, it often reflects an attempt to draw attention to a developing condition in that individual.

The typical pattern includes:

A sudden increase in the frequency of the cat’s coughs or sneezes, especially when the person is seated or lying down.
Persistent vocalizations that occur during moments of quiet, suggesting the cat is trying to break the silence to signal discomfort.
Positioning near the person’s face or chest, sometimes pawing gently while emitting a cough or sneeze.

These actions are not random; they correspond with the cat’s instinct to protect its companion. Research indicates that felines can detect subtle shifts in body chemistry, such as elevated levels of inflammatory markers, before symptoms become obvious to the owner. The cat’s own respiratory response may be triggered by the same environmental cues, prompting it to vocalize.

If you observe these signs, consider the following steps:

Monitor your own health for symptoms like fever, sore throat, or respiratory irritation.
Consult a healthcare professional to rule out underlying infections.
Ensure the cat’s environment remains free of irritants (dust, strong fragrances) that could confound the behavior.

By recognizing the correlation between a cat’s cough or sneeze and potential human illness, you can act promptly, reducing the risk of complications and reinforcing the protective bond shared with your pet.

3.2. Labored Breathing

Cats experiencing difficulty breathing often exhibit a distinct pattern that differs from normal panting. The respiratory muscles engage more forcefully, producing audible wheezing, shallow breaths, or prolonged pauses between inhalations. This change signals that the animal’s airway or lung function is compromised, and the feline may be attempting to draw attention to an underlying health issue.

The underlying mechanisms include inflammation of the bronchial tubes, fluid accumulation in the lungs, or cardiac conditions that impede normal blood flow. When these problems develop, the cat’s body compensates by increasing effort to move air, resulting in a visibly laborious respiratory cycle.

Observable indicators of labored breathing include:

Audible wheeze or crackle during each breath
Rapid, shallow breaths that do not fill the chest fully
Noticeable effort from the abdomen or neck muscles
Open-mouth breathing in a normally closed-mouth species
Restlessness or reluctance to move, accompanied by frequent pauses for air

When these signs appear, immediate veterinary evaluation is essential. The practitioner will assess oxygen saturation, perform thoracic imaging, and run blood work to identify the cause. Early intervention can prevent progression to respiratory failure and addresses the cat’s attempt to communicate distress.

3.3. Open-Mouth Breathing

Cats that breathe with their mouths open are often signaling a serious respiratory or systemic problem. When a feline resorts to this behavior, the airway resistance is high enough to prevent efficient nasal ventilation. The result is a visible, audible effort to draw air, which should be taken as an urgent alert.

Key indicators accompanying open-mouth breathing include:

Rapid, shallow breaths that may be accompanied by wheezing or crackles.
Pink or bluish-tinged gums, indicating reduced oxygen saturation.
Lethargy, disorientation, or collapse, suggesting hypoxia.
Nasal discharge or excessive drooling, pointing to an underlying infection or toxin exposure.

The physiological basis lies in compromised nasal passages (congestion, polyps, tumors) or lower‑respiratory tract obstruction (bronchitis, pneumonia, asthma). Systemic illnesses such as heart failure or severe anemia can also force a cat to mouth‑breathe to meet oxygen demands.

Immediate actions for an observer:

Isolate the cat in a calm, well‑ventilated area to reduce stress.
Check mucous membrane color; pale or cyanotic gums require emergency care.
Measure respiratory rate; over 40 breaths per minute at rest is abnormal.
Contact a veterinarian without delay, providing details of breathing pattern, duration, and any accompanying signs.

Prompt veterinary assessment can differentiate between reversible conditions (e.g., allergic reaction) and life‑threatening disorders (e.g., pulmonary edema). Recognizing open-mouth breathing as a clear warning sign enables timely intervention and improves the likelihood of recovery.

4. Mobility Issues

Cats possess acute perception of subtle physical changes in their environment, allowing them to react when a person’s ability to move deteriorates. When an individual begins to experience stiffness, weakness, or pain that limits mobility, a cat may shift its routine to draw attention to the emerging problem.

Observable behaviors that commonly indicate a feline warning about mobility impairment include:

Repeatedly positioning itself in the person’s line of sight, especially when the individual attempts to stand or walk.
Gently pawing or nudging a limb that the owner is favoring, often accompanied by a soft meow.
Insisting on being held or placed close to the affected area, as if seeking warmth or comfort for the sore region.
Altering its usual resting spots to sit on or near the person’s chair, bed, or wheelchair, thereby forcing a pause in activity.

These actions should be interpreted as purposeful signals rather than random affection. The cat’s focus on a specific body part, combined with persistent attempts to engage the owner, suggests awareness of discomfort that may limit movement.

To respond effectively, follow these steps:

Observe which body part receives the most attention and assess any pain, swelling, or reduced range of motion.
Perform a brief self‑check or enlist a medical professional to evaluate the identified area.
Adjust daily habits-use supportive footwear, modify seating, or incorporate assistive devices-to reduce strain.
Reinforce the cat’s behavior with gentle acknowledgment, confirming that the animal’s alertness is valued.

By recognizing and acting on these feline cues, individuals can address emerging mobility concerns before they develop into more serious conditions. The cat’s instinctive vigilance becomes a practical tool for early health intervention.

4.1. Limping

A limp in a cat often signals an underlying health problem that the animal may be trying to communicate. When a cat repeatedly favors one limb, shifts weight away from the affected area, or exhibits a hesitant gait, these behaviors suggest discomfort that warrants veterinary assessment.

Key observations include:

Persistent favoring of a leg during walking or running.
Reluctance to jump onto furniture or climb stairs.
Audible clicking or popping noises from joints during movement.
Swelling, warmth, or visible deformities near the joint or paw.

These signs frequently accompany conditions such as arthritis, soft tissue injury, or infection. Early detection is critical because untreated musculoskeletal issues can progress to systemic illness, affecting the cat’s overall well‑being.

Veterinarians typically evaluate limp by inspecting gait, palpating joints, and, when necessary, ordering imaging studies. Prompt treatment-ranging from anti‑inflammatory medication to physical therapy-can restore mobility and prevent secondary complications.

Owners should monitor their cat’s movement patterns daily. Any deviation from normal locomotion that persists beyond a few hours should trigger a professional consultation to rule out serious disease and ensure the animal receives appropriate care.

4.2. Stiffness

Cats often display a noticeable rigidity when they sense a physiological disturbance. The muscles become less pliable, and the animal may hold its body in a fixed posture for extended periods. This change is distinct from normal stretching or grooming behavior and should be taken as a potential alert sign.

Key characteristics of feline stiffness include:

A sudden inability to perform fluid movements such as jumping or twisting.
Persistent holding of the tail or limbs in a straight, tense position.
Reduced willingness to engage in play or explore, coupled with a rigid gait.
A palpable tension along the spine when the cat is gently handled.

Underlying medical conditions that commonly produce this symptom are:

Neurological disorders, for example, inflammatory diseases affecting the spinal cord.
Musculoskeletal pain caused by arthritis or traumatic injury.
Metabolic imbalances, such as electrolyte disturbances, that alter muscle excitability.
Infectious processes, including viral or bacterial agents that induce systemic inflammation.

When stiffness appears, the following steps are advisable:

Observe the duration and frequency of the rigid episodes. Brief, occasional tension may be benign, whereas persistent rigidity warrants immediate veterinary consultation.
Check for accompanying signs: loss of appetite, vocalization changes, fever, or abnormal respiration.
Gently assess the cat’s temperature and pulse, noting any deviations from normal ranges.
Record the environment and recent stressors, as external factors can exacerbate underlying pathology.

Early identification of rigidity as a warning mechanism can accelerate diagnosis and treatment, improving the animal’s prognosis. Veterinary evaluation typically involves physical examination, blood work, and imaging studies to pinpoint the source of the stiffness. Prompt intervention, whether through medication, physiotherapy, or supportive care, often restores normal mobility and alleviates discomfort.

4.3. Difficulty Jumping

Cats rarely communicate directly; instead they modify their physical behavior to signal discomfort. One of the most reliable indicators that a feline is attempting to alert its owner to a health problem is a sudden or progressive difficulty in jumping. This change often precedes other observable signs and can provide an early warning of underlying conditions.

When a cat hesitates before leaping onto a favorite perch, or abandons a previously effortless climb, the behavior usually reflects pain or weakness in the musculoskeletal or nervous systems. Common causes include arthritis, hip dysplasia, spinal disc disease, or systemic illnesses such as hyperthyroidism that affect muscle tone. Observing the pattern of the difficulty can help differentiate between acute injury and chronic disease.

Key observations:

Reluctance to jump onto high surfaces that were previously easy to reach.
Visible trembling or wobbling during the ascent or descent.
Favoring one side of the body, indicating localized pain.
Decreased frequency of climbing activity, even when food or toys are placed higher.
Audible vocalizations (hisses, meows) at the moment of attempted jump.

If these signs appear, a systematic assessment is advisable. First, test the cat’s range of motion by gently encouraging a low, stable jump and noting any resistance or limp. Second, monitor the duration of the behavior; a brief hesitation may be a one‑time incident, whereas consistent avoidance signals a problem. Third, record any accompanying symptoms such as changes in appetite, weight loss, or altered grooming habits, as they can point to a systemic issue.

Veterinary evaluation should focus on orthopedic and neurologic examinations, supplemented by imaging (radiographs, MRI) when indicated. Early intervention-pain management, physiotherapy, or treatment of the underlying disease-can restore mobility and prevent the cat from developing secondary complications such as muscle atrophy.

In practice, owners who track their cat’s jumping ability gain a measurable metric for health monitoring. Maintaining a simple log of jump attempts, surface heights, and observed difficulties creates a baseline for comparison and facilitates timely veterinary consultation. This proactive approach leverages the cat’s natural behavior to reveal hidden illness before it escalates.

When to Seek Veterinary Attention

1. Persistent Symptoms

As a veterinary behavior specialist, I have identified a set of chronic signs that cats commonly repeat when they sense a health problem in their human companion. These signs are not occasional quirks; they appear consistently over days or weeks and often intensify if the underlying condition worsens.

Repeatedly rubbing the face or paws against the owner’s skin, especially near the throat or chest, suggests the cat detects respiratory distress.
Persistent pawing at the mouth or nose indicates the animal senses abnormal breath odors or congestion.
Continuous gentle head‑butting while the owner is seated or lying down signals the cat’s desire to draw attention to prolonged fatigue or weakness.
Ongoing placement of the cat’s body on the owner’s lap, coupled with a steady, low‑frequency purr, often accompanies the detection of low‑grade fever or inflammation.
Repeatedly bringing small objects (toys, fur balls) to the owner’s hand may be an attempt to communicate persistent gastrointestinal upset.

When these behaviors occur together and do not fade after a single episode, they constitute a reliable warning pattern. Monitoring frequency, duration, and context allows owners to differentiate a true alert from normal affection. Early recognition of these persistent cues enables timely medical assessment for both the cat and the human involved.

2. Acute Changes

Cats can signal emerging health problems through rapid, noticeable shifts in behavior and physiology. When a normally steady animal suddenly exhibits one or more of the following acute changes, the likelihood that it is alerting its caregiver to illness increases dramatically.

Sudden loss of appetite or refusal to eat familiar foods.
Abrupt cessation of grooming, leading to a rough or unkempt coat.
Rapid onset of vocalization, such as persistent meowing or hissing, especially when the cat is otherwise quiet.
Immediate avoidance of previously enjoyed activities, including play or interaction with humans.
Quick emergence of lethargy, with the cat lying down for extended periods despite normal activity levels.
Sharp increase in hiding behavior, choosing confined spaces over open areas.
Unexpected changes in litter box habits, such as sudden diarrhea, constipation, or urination outside the box.
Acute trembling, shaking, or unsteady gait without prior neurological issues.

These signs develop over hours to a few days and differ from gradual age‑related changes. Recognizing them promptly enables early veterinary intervention, which can prevent disease progression and improve outcomes. The expert recommendation is to monitor the cat’s baseline routine and act immediately when any of the listed acute alterations appear.

3. Multiple Symptoms

Cats possess acute sensory abilities that often translate into observable behaviors when a human develops a health condition. Recognizing a pattern of multiple concurrent signals can differentiate a genuine warning from ordinary feline activity.

Increased proximity: the cat seeks constant physical contact, positioning itself on the owner’s lap, chest, or bedside for extended periods.
Altered vocalization: a higher frequency of meows, chirps, or plaintive cries directed specifically at the person showing symptoms.
Persistent pawing or nudging: deliberate attempts to touch the face, hand, or clothing, especially around the throat or chest area.
Unusual grooming focus: the cat repeatedly licks or brushes the owner’s skin, hair, or exposed wounds, suggesting an attempt to monitor changes.
Restlessness or pacing near the affected individual: the animal circles, sits at the door, or follows the person from room to room.

When these behaviors appear together, they form a composite indicator that the cat is responding to physiological changes in the owner. The convergence of proximity, vocal cues, tactile engagement, targeted grooming, and restless monitoring increases the reliability of the signal. Veterinary and animal‑behavior research confirms that cats can detect alterations in scent, temperature, and subtle motor cues associated with illness. Consequently, observing multiple symptoms concurrently provides a robust basis for interpreting the cat’s warning as a health‑related alert.

4. Gut Feeling

Cats possess a subtle, instinctive awareness of changes in their environment, often expressed through a “gut feeling” that manifests as altered behavior toward their human companions. This internal alarm system is rooted in their acute olfactory and auditory senses, allowing them to detect physiological shifts-such as fever, inflammation, or hormonal fluctuations-before the person consciously registers symptoms.

Key indicators that a cat is communicating a health warning through its gut feeling include:

Persistent proximity to the affected area (e.g., repeatedly sitting on a sore shoulder or near a labored chest).
Unusual grooming of the owner’s skin, especially around joints or the face, suggesting the cat senses irritation or swelling.
Sudden changes in vocalization patterns, such as low, insistent meows directed at the person when they appear fatigued or unwell.
Heightened alertness and focused stare, often accompanied by a slight pawing motion, when the owner exhibits signs of dizziness or shortness of breath.

Interpreting these signals requires careful observation. Note the timing of the cat’s actions relative to the onset of symptoms, and assess whether the behavior recurs consistently. Correlating the animal’s responses with medical assessments can validate the cat’s intuitive detection and guide timely intervention.